Gender differences in risk factors for cigarette smoking initiation in childhood |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada;2. Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l''Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada;3. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA;4. Concordia University, Canada;5. Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada;1. Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 325 Kimball Tower, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States;2. School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 285 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States;3. Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 77 Goodell Street Suite 220, Buffalo, NY 14203, United States;1. School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, Australia;2. The Graduate School, King''s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom;3. School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia;1. Florida International University, United States;2. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States;3. University of Houston, United States;4. The University of Texas School of Public Health, United States;1. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Psychology, Tillett Hall, 53 Avenue E., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;2. University of Houston, Department of Psychology, 126 Fred J. Heyne Building, Suite 104, Houston, TX 77204, USA;3. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionWe investigated whether established risk factors for initiating cigarette smoking during adolescence (parents, siblings, friends smoke; home smoking rules, smokers at home, exposure to smoking in cars, academic performance, susceptibility to smoking, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, school connectedness, use of other tobacco products) are associated with initiation in preadolescents, and whether the effects of these factors differ by gender.MethodsIn spring 2005, baseline data were collected in self-report questionnaires from 1801 5th grade students including 1553 never-smokers (mean age = 10.7 years), in the longitudinal AdoQuest I Study in Montréal, Canada. Follow-up data were collected in the fall and spring of 6th grade (2005–2006). Poisson regression analyses with robust variance estimated the effects of each risk factor on initiation and additive interactions with gender were computed to assess the excess risk of each risk factor in girls compared to boys.Results101 of 1399 participants in the analytic sample (6.7% of boys; 7.7% of girls) initiated smoking during follow-up. After adjustment for age, gender and maternal education, all risk factors except academic performance and school connectedness were statistically significantly associated with initiation. Paternal and sibling smoking were associated with initiation in girls only, and girls with lower self-esteem had a significant excess risk of initiating smoking in 6th grade.ConclusionsRisk factors for smoking initiation in preadolescents mirror those in adolescents; their effects do not differ markedly by gender. Preventive programs targeting children should focus on reducing smoking in the social environment and the dangers of poly-tobacco use. |
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