Gut Microbiota as a Modulator of Cardiometabolic Risk: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications |
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Authors: | Federica Molinaro Elena Paschetta Roberto Gambino Maurizio Cassader Giovanni Musso |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy 2. Gradenigo Hospital, C.so R Margherita 8, 10132, Turin, Italy
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Abstract: | Obesity-related disorders result from the combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, including gut microbiota.
Evidence from animal models provides insight into several mechanisms underlying the interaction between microbiome and host
metabolic and inflammatory responses, such as increased energy harvest from the diet, regulation of intestinal transit rate
and mucosal barrier function, modulation of fatty acid metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of Toll-like
receptor-4 inflammatory pathway. In humans, gut microbiota alterations could link high energy intake and obesity-related cardiometabolic
disorders; the composition of intestinal microflora of obese patients differs from that of lean subjects and microbiota manipulation
through prebiotic/probiotics or microbial transplantation can affect post-prandial endotoxinemia levels and glucose metabolism.
We discuss mechanisms connecting gut microbiota to obesity-related diseases and potential therapeutic applications. |
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