2006和2007年湖北省高砷水分布及地方性砷中毒调查

目的 调查湖北省高砷水的分布,掌握地方性砷中毒病区病情,为地方性砷中毒的防治工作提供参考依据.方法 2006、2007年采取重点调查和抽样调查相结合的方法,对湖北省19个县(市/区)浅层地下水含砷量进行半定量测定,对超标和可疑水样用国标法复检;并对存在高砷水的县(市/区)进行地方性砷中毒病情调查.结果 2006年检测了6个市(区)、446个村、10 028口井,其中5个市(区)有高砷水井(>0.05mg/L)分布,水砷超标率为5.29%(530/10 028).2007年检测了17个县(市/区)、1282个村、19 086口井,其中部分调查县(市/区)与2006年相重叠,结果11个县(市/区)有高砷水井分布,水砷超标率为1.74%(333/19 086).两年共检测水样29 114份,其中水砷超标863份,总超标率为2.96%,主要分布于12个县(市/区)、179个村,水砷最高为2.012mg/L.地方性砷中毒病区调查确诊4例患者,其中重度病例2例,中度1例,轻度1例.结论 高砷水在湖北省广泛分布,但病情较轻,应尽快对高砷区开展改水降砷和地方性砷中毒病情调查及病例建档监测工作.

Distribution of high arsenic drinking water and endemic arsenism in Hubei Province in 2006 and 2007

Objective To confirm the distribution of high arsenic drinking water and the situation of endemic arsenism in Hubei Province, to provide reference basis for prevention and control of endemic arsenic disease. Methods Using typical investigation and sample investigation in 2006 and 2007, the arsenic content of water was detected sampled from 19 counties(cities or communities). And those water samples which were close to or exceeded the stipulated standard were rechecked by the national standard method. Furthermore, the situation of endemic arsenism was investigated in the cities having high arsenic contents of water. Results In 2006,10 028 water samples of 446 villages in 6 counties (cities or communities) were tested, the wells of high arsenic (> 0.05 mg/L) were found in 5 counties (cities or communities) and the proportion of the well that exceeded stipulated standard was 5.29%(530/10 028); In 2007,19 086 water samples of 1282 villages in 17 counties(cities or communities) were tested, the wells of high arsenic were found in 11 counties(cities or communities), and the proportion of the well that exceeded stipulated standard was 1.74%(333/19 086). In these two years, 29 114 water samples were tested, in which 863 water samples were exceeding the stipulated standard. The 2.96% of total wells exceeded stipulated standard and mainly distributed in 179 villages of 12 counties(cities or communities). And the highest arsenic content of water sample was 2.012 mg/L. In the endemic arsenism area, 2 critical, 1 moderate and 1 mild arsenism patients had been found. Conclusions The water of high arsenic content are scattered in Hubei Province and the situation of endemic arsenism disease is mild. Improving water aiming at decreasing arsenic and establishing patient files should be carried out immediately.