Chronic bilateral common carotid artery occlusion: a model for ocular ischemic syndrome in the rat |
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Authors: | Daniel Lavinsky Nice Sarmento Arterni Matilde Achaval Carlos Alexandre Netto |
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Institution: | 1. Biochemistry Department, ICBS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P?rto Alegre, RS, Brazil 2. Ophthalmology Department, School of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de P?rto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P?rto Alegre, RS, Brazil 4. Alameda Victor Kessler 111/901, Higienopolis, P?rto Alegre, RS, 90520040, Brazil 3. Morphology Department, ICBS, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), P?rto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract: | Background Ocular ischemic syndrome is a devastating eye disease caused by severe carotid artery stenosis. The reduction of blood flow
produced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) of rats for 7 days induces events related to gliosis with no
evident histological damage. However, retinal degeneration and cellular death occur after 90 days of BCCAO. Our purpose has
been to investigate the effects of BCCAO for 30 days in the retina of adult rats.
Methods Adult Wistar rats were submitted to BCCAO or sham surgery. Both direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes were investigated
before and after surgery, everyday for the first week and weekly for 30 days. After 1 month, eyes were enucleated and embedded
in paraffin. The retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density and thickness of the internal plexiform (IPL), internal nuclear, outer
plexiform, and outer nuclear layers were estimated.
Results Four rats of the BCCAO group (50%) lost the direct pupillary reflex in both eyes, three rats (37%) lost this reflex in one
eye, and only one (13%) maintained it in both eyes. RGC density (cells/mm) was diminished in the BCCAO group, and a significant
decrease was found in the total retina and IPL thickness; however, no changes were evident in the other layers. BCCAO pupillary-reflex-negative
rats presented with a significant decrease in total retinal thickness and retinal ganglion cell density compared with the
sham group. Both BCCAO pupillary-reflex-positive) and -negative rats showed a decrease in IPL compared with the sham group.
Conclusion This study demonstrates that BCCAO for 30 days induces functional and morphological damage to the retina with loss of the
pupillary reflex and a decrease in IPL thickness and RGC number. We suggest that this protocol might be used as a model for
ocular ischemic syndrome in the rat. |
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Keywords: | Carotid artery occlusion Ocular ischemic syndrome Pupillary reflex Retinal damage |
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