益生菌与过敏性疾病的预防和治疗进展

目的：探索益生菌在过敏性疾病的预防和治疗中的作用。方法：通过查阅近3年来关于益生菌预防和治疗过敏性疾病方面的文献，主要从动物实验、人体临床试验以及可能的治疗机制等方面详述了益生菌与过敏性疾病防治的相关性。结果：动物实验相关文献表明：益生菌对过敏性疾病的预防和治疗有一定的疗效。临床研究相关文献调研结果也表明：益生菌对过敏性鼻炎、特应性皮炎、哮喘和食物过敏等疾病具有一定的治疗效果。对过敏性疾病有治疗效果的益生菌为鼠李糖杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、双歧杆菌等，益生菌单一菌种和混合益生菌都能起到治疗作用。结论：益生菌能够对过敏性疾病起到预防和治疗的作用，尤其是在生命早期，或者降低宿主患过敏性疾病的概率，或者使患者的过敏症状减轻甚至消除。但依然存在着诸多问题，需要继续投入大量工作进行更深入的研究。

Progress of the Role of Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Allergic Diseases

Objective: To explore the role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Methods: The literatures about probiotics in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in past three years were reviewed. The correlation between the probiotics and the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases was mainly discussed in detail from the following aspects:animal experiments, human clinical trials and possible treatment mechanisms. Results: Literature relevant to animal experiments showed that probiotics had certain effects on the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Literature relevant to clinical trial also showed that probiotics had certain therapeutic effects on allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma and food allergy. The probiotics with therapeutic effects on allergic diseases consisted of rhamnosus, lactobacillus acidophilus and bifdobacteria, etc. Both single probiotic strains and the mixed probiotics had therapeutic effects. Conclusion: Probiotics could play a role in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases, especially in the early stage of life by reducing the probability of a host suffering from allergic diseases or reducing, even eliminating the symptoms of the patients. However, many problems still exist and a lot of work needs to be done to conduct further studies.