早产儿疫苗免疫接种研究进展

目的：疫苗的免疫程序和疫苗使用指导原则是保证疫苗免疫效果的重要环节，也是《疫苗管理法》的重要内容之一。早产儿免疫系统发育不成熟，对于各种疫苗免疫反应低于足月儿。本综述为制定早产儿免疫程序提供参考。方法：本文对在早产儿中使用灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百日咳-白喉-破伤风疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗、肺炎链球菌疫苗、脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗和流感嗜血杆菌疫苗、轮状病毒疫苗、麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和水痘疫苗等疫苗的免疫效果、安全性及耐受性研究进展进行了归纳整理。结果：本文对早产儿在接种不同疫苗、采取不同免疫策略时体液免疫和细胞免疫效果的研究进行了归纳总结，结果表明虽然早产儿的免疫功能相对较弱，但参照足月新生儿免疫方案接种疫苗后，大部分早产儿可以具有足够的免疫保护力。结论：本文为疫苗免疫程序的制定提供更全面的理解，为制定疫苗使用指导原则提供参考。

The Research Progress of Vaccination for Preterm Infants

Objective: The immunization procedure and guidelines of vaccine are the important parts to ensure vaccine immunity effect, and they are also the important contents of the Vaccine Administration Law of the People''s Republic of China. The immune system of preterm infants is immature and their immune response to various vaccines is lower than that of term children. This review provides a reference for developing immunization procedures for preterm infants. Methods: The studies and developments on the effects of immunogenicity, safety and toleration of inactivated polio vaccine, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis combined vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, meningococcal vaccines and haemophilus influenzae B conjugate vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine in preterm infants were summarized and analyzed. Results: This paper summarizes the research on humoral immunity and cellular immunity effects of different vaccines and different immune strategies for preterm infants. The results show that although the immune function of preterm infants is relatively weak, the vaccination immunization program for term infants can also provide sufficient immune protection for preterm infants. Conclusion: This article presents a more comprehensive interpretation of the development of vaccine immunization procedures and will provide references for the development of guidelines for vaccine usage.