药用植物萜类化合物活性研究进展

萜类化合物是植物中一类非常重要的次级代谢产物，其在自然界中分布广泛，数量众多，结构多样，是天然产物中最多的一类化合物。萜类化合物除了参与植物生长发育、环境应答等生理过程，还作为原料广泛应用于药品、食品和化妆品中，具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗疟、促进透皮吸收、防治心血管疾病、降血糖等活性。此外，研究还发现萜类化合物具有抗虫、免疫调节、抗氧化、抗衰老、神经保护等作用，具有广阔的开发与应用前景。萜类化合物结构复杂、功效多样、作用机制各异。本文就药用植物中常见萜类化合物的主要生物活性及药理活性、活性机制及萜类化合物的新来源途径进行综述，并对药用植物萜类化合物的药物开发进行了展望，为基于萜类化合物的新药发现和药物设计提供有益参考。

Advances in Activities of Terpenoids in Medicinal Plants

Terpenoids, the most abundant compounds in natural products, are a set of important secondary metabolites inplants with diverse structures. Terpenoids play key roles in plant growth and development, response to environment andphysiological processes. As raw materials, terpenoids were also widely used in pharmaceuticals, food and cosmeticsindustry. Terpenoids possess antitumor, anti- inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial effects, promotetransdermal absorption, prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, and have hypoglycemic activities. In addition, previousstudies have also found that terpenoids have many potential applications, such as insect resistance, immunoregulation,antioxidation, anti- aging, and neuroprotection. Terpenoids have complex structure with diverse effects and differentfunctional mechanisms. Activities, function mechanism and new sources of terpenoids in medicinal plants were reviewedin this paper. The development and application prospect of terpenoid compounds were also prospected, which provides auseful reference for new drug discovery and drug design based on terpenoids.