武警士兵无氧运动能力与5 km跑成绩的相关性研究

 目的 探讨武警士兵无氧运动能力与5 km跑成绩的相关性,为科学训练提供理论依据。方法 52名武警士兵在标准400 m跑道进行50、400 m和5 km跑测试,记录运动成绩并换算为速度(分别记作ν_{50 m}、ν_{400 m}和ν_{5 km}),利用气体分析仪进行最大摄氧量(VO_2max)和通气阈(VT)测试。以ν_{50 m}、ν_{400 m}作为无氧运动能力的指标,以VO_2max和VT作为有氧运动能力的指标。ν_{5 km}与各变量之间的关系使用简单相关分析并计算Pearson相关系数(r);利用偏相关分析(校正其他相关变量)探讨ν_{5 km}与有氧、无氧运动能力的关系并计算偏相关系数(R)及决定系数(R²)。结果 简单相关分析显示,BMI(r＝-0.428,P<0.01)与ν_{5 km}显著负相关,训练年限(r＝0.375,P<0.05)、VO_2max(r＝0.848,P<0.01)、VT(r＝0.316,P<0.01)、ν_{400 m}(r＝0.652,P<0.01)均与ν_{5 km}显著正相关。偏相关分析显示,VO_2max、ν_{400 m}和VT解释了ν_{5 km}总变异(R²)的82.4%,各R²分别为51.1%、24.1%和7.2%。结论 有氧运动能力是5 km跑成绩的决定因素,但无氧运动能力同样不可忽视。在制定5 km训练计划时,应适当增加无氧训练的比例。

Relationship between anaerobic exercise capacity and 5 km ruuning performance in soldiers of PAP

Objective To investigate the relationship between anaerobic exercise capacity and 5 km ruuning performance in soldiers of PAP in order to provide theoretical evidence for scientific training. Methods Fifty-two soldiers of PAP performed 50 m,400 m and 5 km running.Their exercise performance was recorded and expressed as a mean velocity (marked as ν_{50 m}, ν_{400 m} and ν5 km) on an outdoor 400 m track; maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) and ventilatory threshold (VT) were determined by gas analyser. Anaerobic exercise capacity was marked by ν_{50 m} and ν_{400 m} while aerobic exercise capacity by VO_2max and VT. Correlation coefficient (r) of each indicator and ν_{5 km} was calculated by Pearson’s correlation analysis and partial correlation coefficient (R) as well as coefficient of determination (R²) by partial correlation analysis model.Results Simple correlation analysis showed that BMI (r=-0.428,P<0.01) was negatively related to ν_{5 km} but training duration (r=0.375,P<0.05), VO_2max (r=0.848,P<0.01), VT (r=0.316,P<0.01), ν_{400 m} (r=0.652,P<0.01) were positively related to ν_{5 km}. Partial correlation analysis displayed that the combination of VO_2max, ν_{400 m} and VT explained 82.4% of the variation of ν5 km and they accounted for 51.1%, 24.1% and 7.2%,respectively.Conclusions Aerobic exercise capacity is determinative factor for 5 km running performance, but anaerobic exercise capacity should not be ignored. It is recommended to increase proportion of anaerobic training appropriately when formulating training program of 5 km running.