Hepatitis C virus infection and long-term survivors of childhood cancer: Issues for the pediatric oncology nurse |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA;2. Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA;3. Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;4. Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA;5. Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA;6. Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA;7. Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA;8. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA;9. Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;10. Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA;1. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Office of the Science Advisor, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, MC8195R, Washington, DC 20004, United States;2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., MS-A110, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States;3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, B305-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States;4. LK Teuschler and Associates, St. Petersburg, FL 33707, United States |
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| Abstract: | Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents a major public health concern today because of its prevalence in the United States. Acute HCV is commonly asymptomatic and often results in chronic disease. However, symptoms related to chronic disease may not appear for decades. Patients with HCV have a broad spectrum of symptoms, which vary from elevated liver function test results to cirrhosis, liver cancer and end stage liver disease. Past treatment therapies have not been highly effective; however, a new treatment is currently available. Today, many high-risk activities are associated with HCV infection. Blood transfusions are no longer a risk factor. However, 20% of individuals who received transfused blood products contracted hepatitis C nearly two decades ago. Therefore, cancer survivors who received blood products to combat chemotherapy induced anemia and thrombocytopenia before 1980 represent a population at risk. It is important that nurses caring for these patients understand the pathophysiology, etiology, transmission, and course of HCV. This knowledge will enable nurses to encourage serological testing to identify infected individuals. Once identified, patients with hepatitis C can receive social support and appropriate referrals to help them deal with the psychosocial issues related to long-term effects and secondary illnesses. |
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