依托农业集约化阻断血吸虫病传播研究

目的研究山丘型血吸虫病流行区依托农业集约化阻断血吸虫病传播的效果,为防治模式在同类型地区的推广应用提供参考依据。方法在广汉市开展依托农业集约化,结合新农村建设、沟渠硬化、产业结构调整、水系整治等措施的血防综合防治示范区创建,选择锦花村、石观村、红堰村等3个流行村作为评价点,对实施干预措施前后的农业集约化、居民经济收入等相关指标进行比较分析,并对血防效果指标进行评价。结果与示范区创建前相比,2014年示范区沟渠硬化比例上升了49.57%,村道硬化比例上升了39.33%,机械耕作比例上升了25%。人群血检阳性率下降了81.74%。钉螺面积从2007年的2.44 hm~2降至2014年的0。人群血防知识知晓率和行为正确率分别从51.28%、90.85%提高至91.29%、97.69%。广汉市在2014年底顺利达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准。结论农业集约化结合其他综合治理措施防治血吸虫病的模式对阻断血吸虫病传播具有较好效果,可同步实现血吸虫病控制和农业经济的可持续发展。

Study of schistosomiasis transmission interruption based on intensive agriculture

Objective To study the effect of schistosomiasis transmission interruption model based on intensive agriculture in hilly endemic areas， so as to provide the reference for the similar endemic areas. Methods Based on the development of intensive agriculture in Guanghan City， a comprehensive demonstration area of schistosomiasis control with measures such as new rural construction， hardening ditches， the adjustment of industrial structure and water remediation measures was constructed. Jinhua， Shiguan and Hongyan villages were chosen as the evaluation sites to comparatively analyze the indexes of intensive agriculture and schistosomiasis control effects. Results Compared with the demonstration area before construction， in 2014， the harden rates of ditches and village roads were increased by 49.57% and 39.33% respectively； and the proportion of agricultural machinery increased by 25%. The positive rate of serological tests of schistosomiasis was decreased by 81.74%. The Oncomelania hupensis snail area was decreased from 2.44 hm2 （2007） to 0 （2014）. The awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowledge and correct behavior rate of the residents were increased from 51.28% and 90.85% to 91.29% and 97.69% respectively. The experience of the demonstration area ensured the entire Guanghan District achieved the schistosomiasis transmission interruption criterion at the end of 2014. Conclusions The schistosomiasis control model of intensive agriculture combined with other comprehensive measures has a good effect on interrupting the endemic of schistosomiasis， and it can realize the sustainable development of the agricultural economy and schistosomiasis control.