氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐不同剂型在江滩地区灭螺效果

目的 评价氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐不同剂型在江滩地区的灭螺效果。 方法 选用25%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂（25%悬浮剂）、50%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂（50%可湿性粉剂）、4%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐粉剂（4%粉剂）等3种剂型灭螺药，在江滩有螺环境开展现场灭螺实验，比较不同剂型灭螺效果，并进行费用?效果分析。 结果 25%悬浮剂灭螺后3、7、15、30 d钉螺校正死亡率和活螺密度下降率分别为54.37%、91.70%、92.76%、79.50%和59.55%、95.93%、97.63%、94.15%，4%粉剂分别为59.10%、91.83%、95.56%、93.34%和65.03%、94.93%、97.61%、97.28%，50%可湿性粉剂分别为76.29%、91.68%、93.12%、81.59%和81.24%、97.02%、97.84%、95.27%。25%悬浮剂、4%粉剂和50%可湿性粉剂的灭螺成本分别为0.21、0.39元/m2 和0.23元/m2，钉螺校正死亡率每上升1%的平均费用分别为22.68、40.63元和25.17元，活螺密度每下降1%的平均费用分别为21.54、39.78元和23.95元。 结论 3种氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐剂型现场灭螺效果均较好，均可用于江滩现场灭螺。但各药物起效时间、药效特点、现场喷施方法、灭螺成本等均有不同，应根据不同环境特点和使用条件合理选用。

Molluscicidal effects of different formulations of niclosamide ethanolamine salt in marshlands

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effects of different formulations of niclosamide ethanolamine salt in marshlands. Methods The molluscicidal effects of spraying with 25% suspension concentrate of niclosamide ethanolamine salt （25% SCN） and 50% wettable powder formulation of niclosamide ethanolamine salt （50% WPN）， and dusting with 4% niclosamide ethanolamine salt dustable powder （4% DP） for controlling Oncomelania hupensis snails were investigated and compared in the fields， and the cost?effectiveness was analyzed. Results The corrected mortalities and the reduced rates of density of snails were 54.37%， 91.70%， 92.76%， 79.50%， and 59.55%， 95.93%， 97.63%， 94.15%， respectively， on 3， 7， 15， 30 d after spaying with 25% SCN， those on 3， 7， 15， 30 d after dusting with 4% DP were 59.10%， 91.83%， 95.56%， 93.34% and 65.03%， 94.93%， 97.61%， 97.28%， respectively； and those on 3， 7， 15， 30 d after spraying with 50% WPN were 76.29%， 91.68%， 93.12%， 81.59% and 81.24%， 97.02%， 97.84%， 95.27%， respectively. The cost of spraying with 25% SCN was 0.21 Yuan/m2， that of dusting with 4% DP was 0.39 Yuan/m2， and that of spraying with 50% WPN was 0.23 Yuan/m2 for snail control in the marshland. The cost of reduced one percentage of the corrected mortalities and the density of snails in controlling snails by 25% SCN， 4% DP and 50% WPN on 15 d were 22.68， 40.63， 25.17 Yuan and 21.54， 39.78， 23.95 Yuan， respectively. Conclusions The three different formulations of niclosamide are reliable and effective for snail control in marshlands. There are some differences among the different molluscicides in start time， pharmacodynamic characteristics， spraying methods in the field， cost of snail control， and influencing factors. Therefore， we need reasonably select the suitable molluscicides according to the environmental characteristics and working condition.