特大洪涝灾害对我国血吸虫病传播的影响及应急处置

洪涝灾害是我国常见自然灾害之一。洪涝频发的长江中下游流域及以南地区多为血吸虫病流行区，因此洪涝不仅对财产造成损失，而且严重危害洪涝地区的公共卫生和人民健康。本文针对2016年我国长江流域再次发生特大洪涝灾害的情况，分析了洪涝灾害对血吸虫病传播与流行的影响。指出当前我国的血吸虫病防治正由传播控制迈向阻断和消除阶段，而频发的洪涝灾害将加剧洪涝地区钉螺孳生地的扩散和血吸虫病传染源的传播，对我国血吸虫病防治目标的实现造成一定程度的影响；因此应就洪涝灾害对血吸虫病传播影响及其风险等及时作出评估、监测和预警，并采取应急处置措施。作者提出了应在洪涝灾害发生的早、中、后期以及灾后等不同阶段，根据洪涝灾害的发生和疫情的发展等情况，落实和强化各项抗灾防病应急响应措施，最大限度地控制疾病传播的风险和危害，巩固血吸虫病防治成果，确保按期实现血吸虫病阻断和消除目标。

Impact of schistosomiasis transmission by catastrophic flood damage and emergency response in China

Flood damage is one of the ordinary natural calamities. The areas of middle and down of the Yangtze River and its south are the endemic area of schistosomiasis. As the flood damage， it causes property loss， and harm public and people health severely even. This paper aims at the status of catastrophic flood damage again in the Yangtze River basin， analyzes the impact of schistosomiasis transmission by it， and indicates that at present， the process of schistosomiasis control in China is marching from transmission control to transmission interruption and elimination， but the frequent flooding exacerbates Oncomelania hupensis snail breeding area and schistosomiasis source spreading， which may influence， in a certain extent， the realization of the goal of schistosomiasis control in China. We should timely assess and monitor the impact and risk of schistosomiasis transmission by flood damage， and give the early warning and adopt emergency handling measures in time. This paper also proposes the disaster prevention measures according to flood damage stages （the early， middle， later， and post?flood） and the occurrence and development of damage and endemic situation， so as to control the risk and damage of the disease transmission in a high limit， to consolidate the current achievements of schistosomiasis prevention and control and guarantee the realization of the goal of schistosomiasis interruption and elimination in China on the schedule.