产丁酸菌调节肠道微生态及中药的干预作用研究进展

产丁酸菌是以丁酸为主要代谢产物的一类肠道细菌,其中绝大多数为厚壁菌门,产丁酸菌能够利用膳食中不易消化的碳水化合物合成丁酸,进而通过给肠上皮细胞供能、影响肠黏膜屏障、调整肠道菌群结构、调节宿主免疫等生物功能调节肠道微生态,维持肠道内环境,从而达到改善肥胖、高血压等多种疾病的作用。因此,对产丁酸菌及丁酸的靶向调控成为防治多种人体疾病的潜在重要方法。中药经口服后进入体内首先和胃肠道接触,其与寄生于肠道黏膜上的微生物之间的相互作用是无可避免的重要环节。中药能够调节肠道菌群已得到证实,且中药由于组分复杂、成分众多可以以多层次、多途径、多靶点的方式发挥干预作用。其对产丁酸菌的作用主要体现在中药进入肠道后可起到"益生元"作用,富集有益的产丁酸菌,且中药多糖可作为发酵底物促进丁酸的合成,进而实现对产丁酸菌及丁酸的有效调节。基于此,本文探索了产丁酸菌及丁酸与肠道微生态之间的联系,并综述近几年中药干预产丁酸菌调节肠道微生态的相关研究,以期为中医药防治疾病及药物研发提供新的研究思路。

Research Progress of Butyrate-producing Bacteria in Regulating Intestinal Microecology and Interventional Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine

Butyrate-producing bacteria are specific intestinal bacteria with butyrate as the main metabolite, and most of them are Firmicutes.Butyrate-producing bacteria can synthesize butyrate with non-digestible carbohydrates in the diet, and then regulate intestinal microecology and microenvironment, thereby supplying energy to intestinal epithelial cells, affecting intestinal mucosal barrier, adjusting intestinal flora structure and regulating host immunity, so as to alleviate obesity, hypertension and other diseases.Therefore, the targeted regulation of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate has become a potential vital method for the prevention and treatment of many diseases.After oral administration, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) enters the body, and first contacts gastrointestinal tract, so the interaction between CHM and microbiota existing in the intestine is an inevitable important process.It has been confirmed that CHM could regulate intestinal flora; and due to its complex composition and numerous components, CHM can exert interventional effects at multiple levels, in multiple pathways and on multiple targets.Its effect on the butyrate-producing bacteria is as follows.In the intestinal tract, CHM can play a "prebiotic" role, and enrich the beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria, and polysaccharides in CHM can be used as a fermentation substrate to promote the synthesis of butyrate, so as to achieve the effective regulation of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate.Based on that, this paper explored the relationship among butyrate-producing bacteria, butyrate and intestinal microecology, and reviewed relevant researches about the intervention of CHM on butyrate-producing bacteria to regulate intestinal microecology in recent years, in order to provide new research ideas for the application of CHM to prevent and treat diseases, as well as drug development.