异体骨关节移植后骨愈合的X线形式及影响因素

目的探讨肢体恶性肿瘤接受大段同种异体骨关节移植后和异体骨愈合在X线的表现及影响因素，以改进手术方法。方法1992年5月～1999年3月，对收治的90例中可纳入统计的85例骨恶性肿瘤在手术切除长段骨关节后，应用不同内固定方式进行异体骨关节移植，其中16例保留髁部关节面的异体骨段移植，57例异体关节移植，9例复合异体骨段人工髋关节置换，3例膝关节置换。术后平均随访2年9个月，以X线片表现判定骨愈合方式，依据Enneking肢体恶性肿瘤保肢术后的肢体功能标准，评价手术结果。结果85例101处异体骨与自体骨接合部有91处达到临床骨愈合。根据X线片表现特征，异体骨与自体骨间有4种愈合方式，其中以断端周围形成外骨痴、同时植骨间隙逐渐消失最多见；内固定不牢固是引起术后骨不愈合的主要原因；异体骨周围软组织覆盖、血供差及大段异体骨移植后诱发的免疫排异反应等可能影响骨愈合；远离异体骨与自体骨结合部的肿瘤复发或感染、不同长度的异体骨对骨愈合无肯定的负作用；选用牢固的髓内固定、断端周围植骨及采用骨膜袖套技术可减少术后骨不愈合的发生。结论大段异体骨关节移植后骨愈合有不同的X线片表现形式。手术设计应为异体骨提供充足的血液供应、牢固的内固定支撑和完善的软组织覆盖。

MASSIVE FROZEN ALLOGRAFTS FOR SKELETAL RECONSTRUCTION: STYLES AND AFFECTING FACTORS OF BONE UNION

Objective To investigate the styles and affecting factors of bone union after massive frozen allografting for skeletal reconstruction owing to excision of bone tumor. Methods From 1992 to 1999, 85 patients suffering from bone malignant tumor were given the excision of large bone segment and treated with allografting in different methods of operation: large bone allografts with condylar articular surface in 16 cases, osteoarticular allografts in 57 cases, bone allografts in combination with prosthetic replacement of hip in 9 cases, and prosthetic replacement of knee in 3 cases. The average follow up was 2 years and 9 months. The union time and styles of host donor junction were determined by X ray characters, and the results of operations were assessed according to Enneking's functional evaluation system of reconstructive procedures after surgical treatment of tumors for the musculoskeletal system. Results There were 4 kinds of basic bone union styles by the X ray characters, there were no significant difference in the time span of bone union after fixation with different methods. Of the 85 fresh frozen allografting procedures, more than 80% of the patients were treated with interlocked intramedullary nail and allograft prosthesis combination, and the overall result was excellent and good. Sufficient blood supply was important for host donor junction healing, but the function of immune response was uncertain. Conclusion There were different styles of bone union after massive allografting. The recommended operative methods for massive allografts are stable internal fixation, sufficient blood supply, soft tissue repair and periosteal flap coverage.