Stenting for in-stent restenosis.

Intravascular ultrasound studies have shown that additional stent implantation is the only percutaneous technique that allows for recovery of all the lumen area of the original implantation procedure. Despite this theoretical advantage, information on systematic additional stent implantation is still forthcoming, especially concerning the impact of new stent designs. This prospective study evaluated the efficacy of routine additional stent implantation for treatment of in-stent restenosis in 68 consecutive patients. Repeat stenting was successful in all cases, and second-generation tubular stents were used in 84% of patients. The mean additional stent length was 19.2 +/- 9.4 mm, and 15% of patients had multiple stent implantation. The postprocedure minimum lumen diameter was 3.11 +/- 0.41 mm, and the percentage residual stenosis was 2% +/- 7%. At a mean clinical follow-up of 10 +/- 8 months (follow-up rate 100%), the incidence of major adverse events was 21% (1 death, 13 target vessel revascularizations). Overall, angiographic restenosis rate was 32% (angiographic follow-up rate 79%). By multivariate analysis, the only predictors of recurrence after additional stenting were unstable angina at the second procedure (OR 8.70, 95% CI 1.50-50.33, P = 0.019), and early clinical recurrence after the first stent procedure (OR 4.83, 95% CI 1.13-20.71, P = 0.038). Additional stenting is a safe and effective treatment modality for the majority of patients with in-stent restenosis. Alternative treatments should be considered only for patients with in-stent restenosis presenting as unstable angina or early recurrence after a first stent procedure.