四川宜宾、云南昭通及部分长江上游地区变应性鼻炎患者的变应原分布特点及结果分析

目的：通过对四川宜宾、云南昭通及部分长江上游地区变应性鼻炎患者行变应原检测及分析，筛查本地区常见变应原，了解常见吸入性变应原的分布情况，为临床诊断和治疗变应性鼻炎提供参考。方法采集2013年3月～2015年6月于四川省宜宾市第一人民医院就诊的661例经皮肤点刺试验（skin prick test，SPT）诊断明确的常年性变应性鼻炎患者的资料，对所测定的致敏变应原进行统计分析。结果在661例患者的SPT中，阳性率最高前5位为粉尘螨（76.55%）、屋尘螨（72.01%）、蟑螂（35.85%）、猫毛（11.35%）、狗毛（8.62%）；不同季节变应原阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ2=4.568，P=0.206）；随着年龄的增加，变应性鼻炎患者变应原阳性率呈下降趋势。结论四川宜宾、云南昭通及部分长江上游地区中导致变应性鼻炎的变应原占主导地位的为粉尘螨、屋尘螨、蟑螂，对于儿童的变应性鼻炎防控应尤为重视。

Distribution characteristics of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis in Yibin,Zhaotong and some areas of the Changjiang River

OBJECTIVETo screen the allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Yibin, Zhaotong and some areas of the Changjiang River, and to study the distribution characteristics of inhaled allergens. METHODSThe clinical data of 661 patients with allergic rhinitis who diagnosed by skin prick test from March 2013 to June 2015 in the First people's Hospital of Yibin City were studied.RESULTSIn 661 patients, the top 5 allergens and their positive rates of skin prick test were Dermatophagoides farinae (76.5%), house dust mites (72.01%), Roach (35.85%), cat hair (11.35%) and dog hair (8.62%) respectively. There were no statistical difference of the positive rates of allergens among different seasons (χ2=4.568, 0.206). With the increasing age of the patients, the positive rate of allergens was decreased. CONCLUSION The dominated allergens in patients with AR are dust mites, house dust mites and cockroaches in Yibin, Zhaotong and and some areas of the Changjiang River. The prevention and control of AR in children should be toke more attention.