多重PCR用于缺失型α-地中海贫血的基因检测

为了探讨多重PCR技术在检测我国南方常见缺失型α—地中海贫血中的临床应用，观察缺失型α—地中海贫血的基因分布频率，采用单管多重DNA扩增的方法(M—PCR)对经血红蛋白定量分析初步诊断为标准型和静止型α—地中海贫血及血红蛋白H(HbH)病的145例患者进行基因检测。扩增产物经1．2％琼脂糖凝胶电泳，出现1．3及1．8kb条带者，提示为-^SEA／αα；1．6及1．8kb条带者为-α^4.2／αα；1．8及2．0kb条带者为-α^3.7／αα；1．3及1．6或2．0kb条带，提示为缺失型HbH病(-^SEA／-α^4.2或-^SEA／-α^3.7)。结果表明，145例受检者中发现100例-^SEA／αα(68．9％)，15例-α^3.7/ αα(10．3％)，8例-α^4.2/αα(5．52％)，2例-α^3．7／-α^4.2(1．38％)，-α^3.7及-α^4.2纯合子各1例(0．69％)；14例-SEA／αα(9．65％)，2例-SEA／-α^4.2(1．38％)；另有2例患者产前诊断证实为Bart水肿胎儿。结论：运用多重PCR技术可以准确、简便、快速地检测我国南方地区常见的-α^3.7、-α^4.2、-^SEA3种缺失型α-地中海贫血，这一技术对α—地中海贫血的大人群筛查及携带者的检出是一种较为理想的方法。

Multiplex PCR for Detecting Genotypes of Deletional α-Thalassemia

To investigate the clinical application of multiplex PCR in detecting genotypes of deletional alpha-thalassemia in South China and observe the distribution frequency of alpha-globin gene deletion, 145 patients with silent carrier, alpha thalassemia trait or HbH were identified by M-PCR and 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis. There are 1.3, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 kb bands which indicate --(SEA), -alpha(4.2), alphaalpha and -alpha(3.7), respectively. The results showed that among 145 patients, 100 patients with --(SEA)/alphaalpha (68.9%), 15 with -alpha(3.7)/alphaalpha (10.3%), 8 with -alpha(4.2)/alphaalpha (5.52%), 2 with -alpha(3.7)/-alpha(4.2) (1.38%), 1 with -alpha(3.7)/-alpha(3.7) (0.69%), 1 with -alpha(4.2)/-alpha(4.2) (0.69%), 14 with --(SEA)/-alpha(3.7) (9.65%), 2 with --(SEA)/-alpha(4.2) (1.38%) were found. Two patients prenatal diagnosed were confirmed with Bart's hydrops fetuses. In conclusion, M-PCR analysis is a simple, rapid and accurate method for detection of alpha-thalassemia gene deletion. This technique is helpful in screening, carrier identification and prenatal diagnosis of deletional alpha-thalassemia.