胚胎来源巨噬细胞的起源及其在肝脏中功能的研究进展

胚胎来源巨噬细胞(embryonicstem cell-derived macrophages,EDMs)是一种来源于胚胎祖细胞的巨噬细胞亚群,在胚胎时期就进入特定的组织。在正常肝脏中,EDMs通过自我更新维持数量,在稳态期间很少需要骨髓单核细胞分化补充。肝脏发生炎症反应时,肝组织中的EDMs由M1型转为M2型,并募集骨髓单核细胞,平衡Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型炎症反应,进而发挥免疫监视、损伤修复、维持稳态的功能,有效避免肝脏慢性炎症的发生和恶变。其位于肝血窦内,具有吞噬循环肿瘤细胞的功能。而在肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的后期发展阶段,EDMs和骨髓来源单核细胞系相互作用,参与构成肿瘤免疫抑制的微环境。本文就巨噬细胞的起源及EDMs在肝脏中维持稳态、介导炎症等方面的作用作一综述。

Research progresses of ontogeny and function of embryonic stem cell-derived macrophages in liver

Embryonic-derived macrophages (EDMs) is a unique subset of macrophages derived from embryonic progenitor cells which seed specific tissues during embryos. In normal liver, embryonic-derived macrophages have self-renewal capacity to maintain their own number, independently of bone marrow contribution during steady state. During the inflammatory response of liver, embryonic-derived macrophages polarizing from M1 to M2 phenotype, with the function of immune surveillance, injury repair and homeostasis maintenance, effectively avoid the occurrence and malignant transformation of chronic inflammation by balancing type I and type II inflammatory reactions. They are located in the hepatic sinusoid and can phagocyte circulating tumor cells. However, they interact with the bone marrow-derived monocytic cell line in the later development phase of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), constituting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the ontogeny and the function of embryonic-derived macrophages on liver inflammation and HCC progress, and provide innovation for future immunotherapy targeted on macrophage.