月坛社区规范化管理冠心病患者的健康现况调查

目的调查冠心病患者的疾病相关健康现况,并了解其心脏康复的知晓及参与情况。方法2020年6—12月,采用目的性抽样方法选取北京市西城区月坛社区卫生服务中心及其下属的8个社区卫生服务站规范化管理的冠心病患者983例,对其进行健康问卷调查。主要调查患者的一般情况、所患冠心病的类型、合并症,目前二级预防用药及病情控制情况,以及采取的运动方式和患者对心脏康复的了解、参与情况等。结果回收有效问卷983份。其中男性541例(55.0%),年龄65~<75岁者578例(58.8%);超重和肥胖者(体重指数≥24.0 kg/m²)591例(60.1%),合并症前3位分别是高血压(790例,80.4%)、血脂异常(646例,65.7%)、糖尿病(451例,45.9%)。经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者和冠状动脉旁路移植术后患者的血压、血糖、血脂的控制率偏低。运动方面,被调查人群中,规律运动者733例(74.6%),接受专业运动风险评估、专业运动能力评价及专业运动指导评价者分别仅8例、4例、6例,接受过心脏康复者仅8例,88.9%(867/975)表示"从未听说过"心脏康复。结论社区冠心病患者人群多合并高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病等慢性疾病,血脂、血糖控制率有待提高。冠心病患者对心脏康复的知晓率及参与率较低,建议社区医生加强心脏康复的宣传,强化社区心脏康复团队建设。

Health survey among patients with coronary heart disease under standardized management in Beijing Yuetan community

Objective To survey the current health status,and awareness and participation rate of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease of Beijing Yuetan community.Methods From June to December 2020,a purposeful sampling method was used to select 983 patients with coronary heart disease under standardized management at Yuetan Community Health Service Center and its 8 community health service stations in Xicheng District of Beijing,and a health questionnaire survey was conducted.The questionnaire included the general condition of the patient,the type of coronary heart disease,the comorbidities,the current secondary preventive medication and disease control,the exercise method and the patient′s awareness and participation rate of cardiac rehabilitation.Results Among 983 participants,541(55.0%)were male,578(58.8%)were aged 65-<75 years;591(60.1%)were overweight or obese(BMI≥24.0 kg/m²)(60.1%).The top three complications were hypertension(790 cases,80.4%),dyslipidemia(646 cases,65.7%)and diabetes(451 cases,45.9%).The control rate of blood pressure,blood sugar and blood lipids in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting was the lowest.There were 733(74.6%)regular exercisers;while only 8 cases,4 cases,and 6 cases received professional exercise risk assessment,professional exercise ability evaluation,and professional exercise guidance evaluation,respectively;and only 8 cases received cardiac rehabilitation.Most participants(88.9%,867/975)responded that they“never heard of”cardiac rehabilitation.Conclusions Community patients with coronary heart disease mostly have comorbidities such as hypertension,dyslipidemia and diabetes.The control rate of blood lipids and blood sugar needs to be improved.Patients with coronary heart disease have a low awareness and participation rate of cardiac rehabilitation.It is recommended that community doctors should promote cardiac rehabilitation and the community cardiac rehabilitation team should be constructed.