ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Kidney Cancer 2010: treatment of metastatic disease |
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Authors: | Patard Jean-Jacques Pignot Geraldine Escudier Bernard Eisen Tim Bex Axel Sternberg Cora Rini Brian Roigas Jan Choueiri Toni Bukowski Ronald Motzer Robert Kirkali Ziya Mulders Peter Bellmunt Joaquim |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Urology, Bicetre Hospital, Paris XI University, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France b Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, Paris V University, Paris, France c Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France d Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK e Department of Urology, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands f Department of Medical Oncology, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy g Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA h Department of Urology, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany i Kidney Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA j Department of Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA k Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey l University Medical Center Nijmegen, St Radboud, The Netherlands m Medical Oncology Service, University Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain |
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Abstract: | ContextUntil the development of novel targeted agents directed against angiogenesis and tumour growth, few treatment options have been available for the treatment of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC).ObjectiveThis review discusses current targeted therapies for mRCC and provides consensus statements regarding treatment algorithms.Evidence acquisitionMedical literature was retrieved from PubMed up to April 2011. Additional relevant articles and abstract reviews were included from the bibliographies of the retrieved literature.Evidence synthesisTargeted treatment for mRCC can be categorized for the following patient groups: previously untreated patients, those refractory to immunotherapy, and those refractory to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy. Sunitinib and bevacizumab combined with interferon alpha are generally considered first-line treatment options in patients with favourable or intermediate prognoses. Temsirolimus is considered a first-line treatment option for poor-risk patients. Either sorafenib or sunitinib may be valid second-line treatments for patients who have failed prior cytokine-based therapies. For patients refractory to treatment with VEGF-targeted therapy, everolimus is now recommended. Pazopanib is a new treatment option in the first- and second-line setting (after cytokine failure). Sequential and combination approaches, and the roles of nephrectomy and tumour metastasectomy will also be discussed.ConclusionsIncreasing clinical evidence is clarifying appropriate first- and second-line treatments with targeted agents for patients with mRCC. Based on phase 2 and 3 trials, a sequential approach is most promising, while combination therapy is still investigational. The role of nephrectomy in mRCC is being evaluated in ongoing phase 3 clinical trials. |
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Keywords: | Renal cell carcinoma First-line Second-line Treatment algorithms VEGF-targeted therapy mTOR inhibitors |
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