Dexamethasone exposure and asparaginase antibodies affect relapse risk in acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
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Authors: | Kawedia Jitesh D Liu Chengcheng Pei Deqing Cheng Cheng Fernandez Christian A Howard Scott C Campana Dario Panetta John C Bowman W Paul Evans William E Pui Ching-Hon Relling Mary V |
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Institution: | Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA. |
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Abstract: | We have previously hypothesized that higher systemic exposure to asparaginase may cause increased exposure to dexamethasone, both critical chemotherapeutic agents for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Whether interpatient pharmaco-kinetic differences in dexamethasone contribute to relapse risk has never been studied. The impact of plasma clearance of dexamethasone and anti-asparaginase antibody levels on risk of relapse was assessed in 410 children who were treated on a front-line clinical trial for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and were evaluable for all pharmacologic measures, using multivariate analyses, adjusting for standard clinical and biologic prognostic factors. Dexamethasone clearance (mean ± SD) was higher (P = 3 × 10(-8)) in patients whose sera was positive (17.7 ± 18.6 L/h per m(2)) versus nega-tive (10.6 ± 5.99 L/h per m(2)) for anti-asparaginase antibodies. In multivariate analyses, higher dexamethasone clearance was associated with a higher risk of any relapse (P = .01) and of central nervous system relapse (P = .014). Central nervous system relapse was also more common in patients with anti-asparaginase antibodies (P = .019). In conclusion, systemic clearance of dexamethasone is higher in patients with anti-asparaginase antibodies. Lower exposure to both drugs was associated with an increased risk of relapse. |
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