心肌梗死后患者个性特征及心理健康水平研究

目的探讨心肌梗死后患者个性特征、心理健康水平,为临床心理干预提供依据。方法采用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）,对68例心肌梗死后患者（心梗组）进行测试,并与66名无严重器质性疾病的居民（对照组）进行比较。结果心梗组患者的EPQ个性特征检测N维度标准分（T分）（56.37±2.92）分明显高于对照组（41.91±4.20）分,E维度T分（56.25±3.49）分明显高于对照组（42.13±4.99）分。心梗组患者焦虑症状标准分（52.35±9.81）分明显高于对照组（41.79±7.01）分,抑郁症状标准分（48.26±10.13）分明显高于对照组（43.11±6.21）分。焦虑症状发生率心梗组为47.05%,对照组为15.15%,两组比较差异有统计学意义;抑郁症状发生率心梗组为42.65%,对照组为16.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义。心梗组不同性别患者焦虑、抑郁症状发生率比较,SAS评分≥50分男女之间差异无统计学意义;SDS评分≥53分男女之间差异无统计学意义。结论心肌梗死后患者个性特征以性格外倾和情绪不稳多见,心理问题主要表现为焦虑和抑郁,提示临床工作中应重视心肌梗死后患者的心理康复治疗。

An Investigation on Personality and Psychological States of Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Objective To investigate the personality and psychological states of patients with myocardial infarction.Methods 68 patients with myocardial infarction（myocardial infarction group） and 66 volunteers without serious organic diseases（control group） were tested,using Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ）,Anxiety Self-rating Scale（SAS） and Depression Self-rating Scale（SDS）.Results The T score of N dimension in myocardial infarction group（56.37±2.92） was significantly higher than that in control group（41.91±4.20）,and the T score of E dimension in myocardial infarction group（56.25±3.49） was significantly higher than that in control group（42.13±4.99）.Anxiety scores in myocardial infarction group（52.35±9.81） were significantly higher than that in control group（41.79±7.01）,and depression scores in myocardial infarction group were significantly higher than that in control group（43.11±6.21）.The incidence of anxiety symptom was 47.05% in myocardial infarction group and 15.15% in control group,the difference was significant between the two groups.The incidence of depression symptom was 42.65% in myocardial infarction group and 16.67% in control group,the difference was significant between the two groups.In myocardial infarction group（SAS scores≥50）,the incidence of anxiety symptom was 46.34% in men and 48.15% in women,the difference was not significant.In myocardial infarction group（SDS scores≥53）,the incidence of depression symptom was 43.90% in men and 40.74% in women,the difference was not significant.Conclusion Patients with myocardial infarction showed significant psychological problems,mainly manifested in anxiety and depression.Psychological therapy should be emphasized to theses patients with myocardial infarction.