我国部分地区成瘾物质滥用的纵向研究 第一部分:样本人口学特征及使用率的变化

目的 :了解我国部分地区成瘾物质的滥用率及其变化 ,推测该地区物质滥用问题的发展趋势。方法 :整群抽样 ,挨户调查与线索调查结合 ,应用自编非法成瘾物质使用流行病学调查表 (EpidemiologicalInventoryforIllicitDrugUse ,EIIDU)于 1993年、1996年、2 0 0 0年 3次对 5或 6个高发地区 15a或以上社区人群进行物质使用情况调查。结果 :3次调查总样本成瘾物质一生使用率分别是 1 0 8%、1 6 0 %、1 5 2 %,年使用率分别是 0 91%、1 17%、1 17%;男性一生使用率分别为 1 90 %、2 5 8%、2 2 5 %,女性为 0 2 4 %、0 5 7%、0 71%;男性年使用率分别为 1 6 3%、1 80 %、1 6 9%,女性为 0 2 2 %、0 4 8%、0 6 0 %。地区间 ,广州、安顺两地区使用率先升后降 ,文山平稳 ,西安、兰州、重庆 3地区逐次增加 ,达到或超过广州、安顺两地区的水平 ;大多数物质滥用者首次非法成瘾物质使用在 1987年后 ,以后逐年增多 ,1998年达到高峰。结论 :至上世纪末 ,调查地区成瘾物质滥用的复燃开始于上世纪 80年代中期 ,以后逐渐增加 ,1998年达到最高峰 ,目前滥用增长势头放缓 ,但形势依然严峻。

A LONGITUDINAL SURVEY OF PATTERNS AND PREVALENCE ON ADDICTIVE DRUG USE IN GENERAL POPULATION AT FIVE OR SIX AREAS WITH HIGH- PREVALENCE IN CHINA PART ONE:SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PREVALENCE RATES

Objective: To explore the life time and one-year prevalence rates, patterns and trends of illicit drug use in general population at selected high-prevalence areas in China from 1993 to 2000. Methods : With cluster sampling and combination of field survey, cue investigation and institution investigation, individuals aged 15 or over in community were interviewed by trained psychiatrists or psychologists with the Epidemiological Inventory for Illicit Drug Use (EIIDU) in 1993, 1996 and 2000 respectively. Results: The lifetime prevalence rates of illicit drug use in the three surveys were 1 08%, 1 60% and 1 52%, respectively, and the one-year prevalence rates were 0 91%, 1 17%, and 1 17%, respectively. The lifetime and one-year prevalence rates were higher in male than in female (1 90%, 2 58% and 2 25% versus 0 24%, 0 57% and 0 71% for lifetime prevalence rates; 1 63%, 1 80% and 1 69% versus 0 22%, 0 48% and 0 60% for one-year prevalence rates). Among different survey sites, the lifetime prevalence rates in Guangzhou and Anshun sites reached the peak in 1996, and then declined, while those in Xi′an, Lanzhou and Chongqing sites increased over time. The number of initial illicit drug users was escalated since 1987 and reached the peak in 1998. Conclusion: The present situation of illicit drug use at selected high prevalence areas in China continues to remain at high levels across all sites. However, considering the prevalencerates, the number of new cases tends to decrease; the authors concluded cautiously that the development of illicit drug use problemsmay be tardive at these selected high prevalence areas.