政策工具视角下我国医疗救助政策分析及优化策略研究*

目的：总结我国医疗救助政策的关键要素与不足，为后续我国医疗救助相关政策调整和完善提供依据。方法： 基于政策工具视角，采用内容分析法，对2013年11月—2022年2月我国政府颁布的医疗救助相关政策进行统计分析。结果：共梳理52份政策文件，其中，政策工具方面，供给型政策工具77项(27.02%)、环境型政策工具91项(31.93%)、需求型政策工具117项(41.05%)。结论：我国医疗救助相关政策存在供给型政策工具应用较少，环境型政策工具缺乏考核激励类工具，需求型政策工具内部运用不均衡等问题。因此，应增加供给型政策工具应用，重视资金支持、财政投入以及基层能力建设；关注环境型政策工具中考核评估工具的应用，加强对医疗救助政策实施过程中监测与评估；关注需求型政策工具中提高统筹层次等方面工具的应用。

Research on Text Analysis and Optimized Strategy of Medical Assistance Policy from the Perspective of Policy Tools

Objective: To summarize the key elements and deficiencies of China''s medical assistance policy, and to provide basis for the subsequent adjustment and improvement of China''s medical assistance policy. Methods: From the perspective of policy tools, the content analysis method is applied to conduct statistical analysis on the medical assistance policies issued at the national level from November 2013 to February 2022. Results: A total of 52 policy documents were sorted out, and the scope of application was mostly non-tight. In terms of policy tools, 77(27.02%) were supply-oriented policy tools, 91(31.93%) were environment-oriented policy tools, and 117(41.05%) were demand-oriented policy tools. Conclusion: There are some problems in China''s national medical assistance policies, such as less application of supply-oriented policy tools, lack of assessment and incentive tools for environment-oriented policy tools, and unbalanced internal use of demand-oriented policy tools. The government should increase the application of supply-oriented policy tools and attach importance to financial support, financial input and grassroots capacity construction; pay attention to the application of assessment tools in environmental policy tools, strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of medical assistance policy implementation process; attention should be paid to the application of demand-oriented policy tools to improve the pooling level.