200例胰十二指肠切除术后早期并发症危险因素分析

目的胰十二指肠切除术是目前许多壶腹周围良恶性疾病的首选治疗方式。本研究目的是寻找出胰十二指肠切除术后的早期并发症发生的危险因素。方法回顾分析1996年10月至2002年9月共200例胰十二指肠切除术的临床资料。其中包括标准胰十二指肠切除术176例,加做扩大腹膜后淋巴结廓清术者为24例,无保留幽门括约肌者。对于胰腺质地硬且胰管扩张患者采用端侧粘膜对粘膜胰肠吻合,而胰腺质软且胰管扩张不明显患者行对端套入胰腺空肠吻合。通过单因素及多因素方法分析早期并发症发生的相关因素。结果术后并发症发生率为21%(42/200),胰肠吻合口瘘最为常见。高龄(优势比2.162),术前合并糖尿病(优势比4.0862),术前血清总胆红素水平高于171.1μmol/L(优势比7.556),端端胰肠吻合(优势比2.616)以及术中输血量超过1000mL(优势比2.410)是术后早期并发症发生的独立危险影响因素。而胆肠吻合口留置T管(优势比0.100)可以显著减少术后早期并发症的发生。结论已经发表的关于胰十二指肠切除术早期并发症危险因素的相关文献之间的可比性不强。对于不同的专业组及患者,胰十二指肠切除术应当个体化,以期获得最好的治疗效果。

Risk Factors of Early Complications after Pancreaticoduodenectomy in 200 Consecutive Patients

Objective: To study the risk factors for early complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: Two hundred patients undergoing PD at our hospital between December 1996 and September 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. Standard PD was performed on 176 cases, standard PD with extended lymphadenectomy on 24 patients, whereas pylorus-preserving PD was not used. An end-to- side combined with mucosa-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy was performed on the patients with a hard pancreas and a dilated pancreatic duct, and a traditional end-to-end invagination pancreaticojejunostomy on the patients with a soft pancreas and a non-dilated duct. The risk factors with the potential to affect the incidence of complications were analyzed with SAS 8.12 software. Logistic regression was then used to determine the effect of multiple factors on early complications. Results: The overall rate of the major com- plications was 21% (42/200), with the failure of pancreaticojejunal anastomosis being the most frequently encountered. Age (odds ratio OR] 2.162), diabetes mellitus (OR 4.086), total serum bilirubin level (OR 7.556), end-to-end pancreaticojejunostomy (OR 2.616), T tube through the choledochojejunostomy (OR 0.100), and blood transfusion over 1000 mL (OR 2.410) were the significant risk factors for the morbidity. Conclusion: The results from published series concerning morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy are not comparable because of lack of homogeneity between them. The knowledge of the complications rate in each particular department turns out essentially to provide the patient with tailored information about risks before surgery. Additionally, management of postoperative complications is essential for improving the results of this operation.