谷氨酰胺强化肠内营养对重型颅脑损伤患者营养状况及预后的影响

目的 了解谷氨酰胺(Gln)强化的肠内营养对重型颅脑损伤患者营养状况和预后的影响.方法 采用随机、开放、平行对照法,将33例重型颅脑损伤患者分为Gln强化组18例和对照组15例.2组患者在给予常规外科治疗的基础上,均采用等氮、等热量的肠内营养支持疗法,疗程2周;Gln强化组在肠内营养液中额外添加Gln 0.5 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1).观察营养支持治疗前及治疗期间2组患者生命体征和不良反应发生情况.于治疗前及治疗7、14 d时,采集患者静脉血及尿液标本,测定血、尿常规及肝肾功能等指标;测量患者体质量、肱三头肌皮皱厚度(TSF)、上臂周径(AC)、上臂肌周径(AMC)及空腹血糖值,并进行格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分.统计2组患者住院时间.结果 2组患者行营养支持治疗后,生命体征及血、尿常规和肝.肾功能指标与治疗前比较,无明显改变;少数患者发生恶心、腹泻等轻微不良反应,均自行缓解.2组患者治疗前后体质量、TSF组内比较或组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);Gln强化组治疗14 d时AC及AMC明显高于对照组(P<0.01).治疗7 d时.Gln强化组空腹血糖值明显低于对照组(P<0.05),GCS评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05).对照组患者住院时间为(33±12)d;Gln强化组为(25±9)d,较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05).结论 Gln强化肠内营养在一定程度上可控制重型颅脑损伤患者血糖值,减少瘦组织丢失,改善机体营养状况,缩短住院日,加速患者康复.

Effects of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on nutritional status and prognosis of patients with se-vere head injury

Objective To investigate the effects of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on the nutri-tional status and prognosis of patients with severe head injury. Methods Thirty-three patients with severe head injury were randomly divided into control group (C, 15 cases) and glutamine-enriched group (Gln, 18 cases). Patients in both groups were given routine treatment and enteral nutrition with the same amount of nitrogen and calorie. Patients in Gln group were given glutamine 0.5 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) additionally added into the nutrient fluid. Vital signs and the occurrence of side effects of all patients were observed before and after nu-trition support. Venous blood and urine sample of all patients were collected before and 7, 14 days after treatment to determine the parameters of blood, urine routine and hepatorenal function. At the same time points, body mass, skin fold thickness at the region of triceps brachii (TSF), upper arm circumference (AC), upper arm muscle circumference (AMC) and fasting blood glucose of all patients were detected and determined, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scoring was performed. The length of hospital stay of all patients was recorded. Results Vital signs and parameters of blood, urine routine and hepatorenal function of pa-tients in 2 groups after nutrition treatment were close to those before treatment. Side effects, such as nausea and diarrhea occurred with spontaneous remission in a few patients. There was no statistical significant differ-ence between 2 groups, and within each group before and after treatment, in respect of body mass and TSF (P >0.05). Values of AC and AMC of patients in Gln group were obviously higher than those of C group (P < 0.01) on post-treatment day 14. Fasting blood glucose and GCS score of all patients before treatment were close to those on post-treatment day 14 (P > 0.05). Fasting blood glucose and GCS score of patients was respectively lower and higher in Gln group than that in C group on post-treatment day 7 (P < 0.05). Length of hospital stay of patients in Gln group (25 ± 9) d was obviously shorter than that of C group (33 ± 12) d (P < 0.05). Conclusions Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition can control the blood glucose lev-el, prevent the loss of lean tissue, improve nutrition status of patients,shorten hospital stay, and accelerate the recovery of patients to some extent.