攀枝花市主要职业病及其危害因素分析

目的了解攀枝花市主要职业病及其危害因素,为攀枝花市职业病防治工作提供防治措施建议。方法 2012-2013年对攀枝花市44个企业开展职业卫生调查,并收集该市其他企业的职业卫生资料,主要从企业生产过程、原材料储存、产品储存等方面了解产生的职业病危害因素。结果攀枝花市相关企业中存在对职业健康危害较大的主要职业危害因素44种,其中物理性职业病危害因素6种,粉尘危害因素6种,其他化学性危害因素32种。根据相关危害因素预测12种职业病的存在和发病可能增加,病种包括尘肺,焦炉逸散物所致肺癌,煤焦油、煤焦油沥青、石油沥青所致皮肤癌,苯所致白血病,职业性急性钒中毒,急性一氧化碳中毒,急性氨中毒,急性氮氧化中毒,急性二氧化硫中毒,急性氯气中毒,汞中毒,苯中毒。结论攀枝花市应针对性加强12种职业病及其危害因素的预防与控制,注重为相关职业病的防控提供物资存储等救治前期工作保障,使职业中毒等病人得到即时救治。

Major Occupational Diseases and Associated Hazard Factors in Panzhihua City

Objective To investigate the hazard factors of major professional diseases in Panzhihua and provide prevention and control strategies against occupational diseases.Methods Forty-four enterprises were investigated including aspects of productive processes,raw materials storage and product storage.Results Forty-four major occupational hazard factors were identified,including 6 physical hazard factors,6 dust hazards and 32 other types of chemical hazard factors.According to associated hazards,the existence and occurrence of 12 types of occupational diseases were likely to increase,including pneumoconiosis,lung cancer caused by coke oven emissions,skin cancer caused by coal tar,coal tar pitch and asphalt,leukemia caused by leukemia,acute occupational vanadiumism,acute carbon monoxide poisoning,acute ammonia poisoning,acute nitrogen oxide poisoning,acute sulfur dioxide poisoning,mercury poisoning and benzene poisoning.Conclusion Prevention and control work against the 12 types of occupational diseases and hazard factors should be strengthened.Preliminary measures（ such as supplies storage） should be emphasized to guarantee timely treatments and cure of the diseases.