婴幼儿认知发育的相关影响因素

目的 探讨婴幼儿认知发育的相关影响因素。方法 于2012年11月-2013年3月随机抽取日照市城区和乡镇医院各一个点作为项目点, 共抽取2~30个月婴幼儿118名。以问卷形式对家长进行家庭社会经济状况调查;同时采用贝莉婴幼儿发育量表婴幼儿进行认知发育评估。结果 婴幼儿平均年龄(12.52±7.94)个月, 男婴占55.9%, 城市比例为47.5%。智力发育商数(Mental Developmental Index, MDI)为109.97±16.88, 运动发育商数(Psychomotor Development Index, PDI)为108.18±13.76。婴幼儿年龄、城乡、家庭其他成员和婴幼儿交流时间, 母亲受教育程度对MDI有显著预测作用;对PDI有显著预测作用的有城乡、出生体重、母亲受教育程度。结论 家庭环境因素诸如母亲受教育程度、城乡、亲子交流时间尤其是家庭其他成员与儿童交流时间对婴幼儿认知发育起着重要作用, 加强对母亲低学历家庭、农村婴幼儿的关注和监测十分必要。

Factors associated with infant's cognitive development.

Objective To investigate factors associated with infant's cognitive development. Methods One urban hospital as well as one rural hospital in Shandong provinces were randomly selected, involved in the survey during December 2012 to March 2013.Total 118 infants aged 2~30 months were recruited.Parents were asked to fill out the Shanghai Children's Medical Center socio-demographic questionnaire.The Bayley Scales of Infant Development I was conducted to each participated child. Results The mean age of infants was (12.52±7.94) months, boys accounted for 55.9%, urban infants accounted for 47.5%.The mean Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) score were 109.97±16.88 and 108.18±13.76 separately.Age, location, the communication time of family members apart from mother with infants, mother's education levels were significantly associated with infant's MDI while birth weight, location, mother's education were significantly related to PDI. Conclusion Socio-demographic factors such as mother's education level, location, communication time of family members with infants are significantly associated with infant's cognitive development, it's necessary to monitor and pay more attention to infants whose mothers are in lower education level as well as rural infants.