慢性铅中毒肾脏改变的病理形态观察

目的建立长期饮用高铅水的大鼠铅中毒模型,了解慢性铅中毒肾组织病理学改变。方法 72只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和低、中、高铅剂量组,采用自由饮水染毒30、90和180 d后建立动物模型,动态观察大鼠的一般毒性,通过Mallory-Parker染色法观察各组大鼠肾组织及其他主要脏器的病理改变。结果染毒组大鼠尤其是高铅暴露组自主活动减少。染毒组尤其是高铅组大鼠肾组织的病理改变是肾小管损伤明显,管腔可见深灰蓝色铅颗粒沉积。脑、心、肝、肺等脏器随着醋酸铅的剂量加大,作用时间延长,出现不同程度受损,损伤程度与染毒时间和剂量有关。结论大鼠铅中毒模型建立和铅暴露可引起大鼠肾组织及主要脏器受损,为进一步探讨铅致肾组织损害的分子毒理学机制奠定基础。

Pathological changes of kidney in chronic lead poisoning

Objective]To establish the plumbism model of rat with long-term consumption of lead water,and explore the pathological changes of kidney tissue injury induced by chronic lead poisoning. Methods]Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into low,medium,high lead dose groups,they freely drank plumbic water for 30,90,180 days respectively.The general toxicity of the rat was dynamically observed.The pathological changes of kidney tissue and other organs were detected by Mallory-Parker staining. Results]In the experiment group all mouse independent activities decreased,especially in high dose group.The kidney tissue of mouse in high dose group showed serious renal tuble damage,and deep grey-blue lead particles deposition was observed in lumen.The other organs liked the brain,heart,liver and lung were also damaged with lead dose increasing and time prolonging.The damage degree was related with lead dose and exposure length. Conclusion]The established plumbism rat model and lead exposure can induce renal tissue and organ damage which can help to further study molecular toxicological mechanisms of nephrotoxicity induced by lead.