Potentiation of effects of anticancer agents by local electric pulses in murine bladder cancer |
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Authors: | Masahiko Ogihara Osamu Yamaguchi |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, 960-1295, Japan e-mail: ogichan@fmu.ac.jp Tel.: +81-24-5482111; Fax: +81-24-5483393, JP |
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Abstract: | Electrochemotherapy is a novel cancer treatment in which electric pulses (EP) are used as a means of delivering anticancer
agents to the cytoplasm of cancer cells (electroporation). The present study evaluates whether electrochemotherapy has in
vitro and in vivo anticancer effects in murine bladder cancer. Using mouse bladder tumor cells (MBT-2 cells), in vitro electrochemotherapy
was performed by applying EP to the cell suspension immediately after the addition of anticancer agents. The cytotoxicity
of adriamycin (ADM), bleomycin (BLM) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) was determined by measuring succinate dehydrogenase
(SD) activity in both electroporated and non-electroporated cells. In addition, intracellular concentrations of these anticancer
agents were also measured. In the in vivo study, tumor-bearing C3H/He mice were treated with an intraperitoneal injection
of anticancer agents followed by a local delivery of EP at the tumor site. Then, tumor growth rate (TGR) was determined and
compared to that in the sham-treated control group, the EP-only group and the drug-only group. The in vitro study showed that,
with electroporation, the cytotoxicity of BLM in electroporated cells was increased by as much as 95.7-fold compared to that
of non-electroporated MBT-2 cells; CDDP showed only an increase of 1.8-fold and ADM showed no increase. After electroporation,
the intracellular concentration of BLM, CDDP and ADM showed an increase of 120-, 1.7- and 0.8-fold, respectively. In electrochemotherapy
for in vivo growing tumors, the potentiation of the antitumor effect was most prominent when combined with BLM, only slightly
with CDDP, and totally absent with ADM. It is clear from in vitro and in vivo studies that, in a murine bladder tumor, the
anticancer effect of BLM can be considerably potentiated by applying EP. Thus, BLM seems to be the most suitable anticancer
agent for electrochemotherapy of bladder cancer.
Received: 28 August 1999 / Accepted: 27 July 2000 |
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Keywords: | Electroporation Electrochemotherapy Anticancer agent Murine bladder cancer |
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