Methodologic issues in exercise intervention research in oncology

OBJECTIVES: To review randomized controlled trials that offered exercise interventions for adults diagnosed and treated for cancer related to design, sample, type of intervention, and outcomes. DATA SOURCES: Several electronic databases were searched and recent review papers were scanned to identify relevant publications. CONCLUSION: Exercise adoption seems clearly feasible for early stage cancer patients, particularly breast cancer patients. Data support positive effects for physical functioning, quality of life, and psychological well-being. Effects for patients with later-stage disease and other cancers are less clear. The impact of exercise adoption on biomarkers of disease status, immune functioning, and hormone levels should also be examined. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: There are many opportunities for nurses to promote exercise in clinical care and in a research context.