帕金森病诊断技术进展

帕金森病早期临床表现不典型，但如能早期诊断帕金森病，应用保护性治疗，如应用保护黑质神经元药物等有可能减缓病程进展。结合最近几年国外对本病早期诊断技术的新进展做一综述。单光子发射计算机体层扫描（SPECT）及正电子发射计算机体层扫描（PET）对多巴胺神经元末梢功能的检测是目前诊断帕金森病最敏感的指标。应用磁共振波谱（^3H-MRS）测定脑内代谢物的浓度，可以了解脑组织的代谢及神经元的功能改变。同时磁共振成像（MRI）及弥散加权成像（DWI）亦能对早期诊断及鉴别诊断帕金森病起一定的作用。经颅超声成像技术（TCS）是一种新的非侵入性超声成像技术，发现PD患者的黑质（SN）区有回声增强，认为这些回声增强区的性质与SN区的铁含量增高有关。

Advances in diagnostic technology for Parkinson's disease

In the early stage of Parkinson's disease,the patient's history or clinical findings were atypical.It is conceivable that neuroprotective therapy starting at an advanced stage'of the disease can not stop the degenerative process.Therefore,the identification of patients at risk and at earlier stages of the disease is essential for successful neuroprotection.Functional neuroimaging of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway has become an important method for quantification of functional dopaminergic terminals in the striatum.MRI and MRS can also be helpful in early diagnosis of PD.Transcranial ultrasound have identified an increased iron load of the substantia nigra in SN of PD patients.