个体化营养健康教育对孕妇膳食行为的影响因素分析

摘要目的：帮助和督促孕妇建立良好的孕期膳食结构和膳食行为，有效地促进母儿健康。方法：采用随机化方法，对个体化孕期营养健康教育的孕妇和小班化群体孕期营养健康教育的孕妇，进行孕期营养认知与膳食行为的调查，并于妊娠末期（孕36W末）进行营养和妊娠情况的评定。结果：观察组和对照组在健康教育8周末的孕期营养认知与膳食行为问卷调查得分分别为68．2±3．4、73．0±2．9（P〈0．001），有显著差异；而妊娠36周末的孕妇营养和妊娠情况评定结果中，观察组因营养问题引起的各种妊娠合并症和并发症等情况的发生率明显少于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：个体化营养健康教育比群体化营养健康教育更能改善孕期营养的认知及膳食行为习惯，并明显减少各种妊娠合并症和并发症以及胎儿过大和胎儿宫内发育不良的发生，有效地促进了母儿健康。

Influence of Individualized Nutrition Health Education on Pregnancy Dietary Behavior and Mother Health

Objective： To help and urge pregnant women to establish a good pregnancy diet and dietary behavior, effectively promote the mother health. Methods： Randomized method was used to survey the nutrition cognition and dietary behavior of the pregnant women, who accept- ed nutritional health education individually or in small groups during pregnancy. Then women in the late pregnancy （36 weeks） were evaluated for their pregnancy nutrition and pregnancies. Results： The cognition and dietary behavior questionnaire score of observation group and control group were 68.2 ± 3.4, 73.0± 2.9 （P 〈 0. 001 ）, which were significant difference, at the end of 8 weeks＇pregnancy nutrition health education; the e- valuation results of pregnancy nutrition and pregnancies showed that, the incidence of observation group various pregnancy complications caused by nutritional problems was significantly less than control group （P 〈 0.01 ）, at the end of 36 weeks. Conclusion： Individualized nutrition health education is better than grouped education, which can improve the cognition of pregnancy nutrition and dietary behavior, obviously reduce all kinds of pregnancy complications and the fetus being too large or fetal dysplasia, and effectively promoted the female health.