合肥市水源水与出厂水中增塑剂污染特征及其水环境健康风险评估

目的]调查合肥市主要水源水与出厂水中邻苯二甲酸酯类（phthalates，PAEs）及己二酸二（乙基己基）酯（DEHA）等增塑剂污染特征，评估其对人体潜在健康风险。方法]分别于平水期、丰水期和枯水期采集巢湖西半湖水、合肥市A、B水厂水源水及其出厂水，水样经固相萃取柱富集后由气相色谱一质谱法（GC／MS）检测PAEs和DEHA；采用美国环境保护署（EnvironmentalProtectionAgency，USEPA）推荐的水环境健康风险评价模型，从饮水途径对致癌和非致癌风险进行定量评估。结果]合肥市水源水与出厂水中均检出5种增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二（2．乙基己基）酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）和己二酸二（乙基己基）酯（DEHA）]，但均未超过我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》限值。其中DEHP和DBP为主要污染物，平均贡献率分别为60．22％和21．43％。不同水期增塑剂污染种类未见明显变化，总污染浓度水平呈丰水期〉枯水期〉平水期。巢湖水，A、B水厂水源水及出厂水对人群致癌风险水平为0．80×10-6～2．72×10-6，非致癌风险水平为2．95×10-3～1．04×10-2。致癌和非致癌风险主要来自于DEHP，其贡献率分别为99．0％～99．4％和92．8％～93．8％。结论]合肥市主要水源水及出厂水中可不同程度地检出PAEs和DEHA，初步评价其致癌风险和非致癌风险的风险值均小于美国环境保护署（USEPA）的推荐限值，为可接受水平。

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Plasticizers in Source Water and Finished Water in Hefei

Objective ] To identify health risks to human beings caused by phthalates （PAEs） and di （2-ethyl hexyl） adipate （DEHA） in the source water and finished water in Hefei, China. Methods ] Water samples were collected from the Western Chaohu Lake and two municipal waterworks A and B （including source water and finished water） of Hefei in level, wet, and dry periods. The PAEs and DEHA in water samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC/MS） combining solid-phase extraction technique, and a health risk assessment model recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） was used to quantitatively evaluate carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk by the way of drinking. Results ] Bis （2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）, dibutyl phthatate （DBP）, dimethyl phthalate （DMP）, diethyl phthalate （DEP）, and DEHA were detected in all collected samples and well within the limits of the National Standards for Drinking Water Quality （GB 5749-2006）. Among them, DEHP and DBP were major pollutants, which took 60.22% and 21.43% respectively on average. No obvious differences were found in selected plasticizers across different water periods. The highest total contamination level was found in the wet period, followed by the dry period and the level period. The carcinogenic risk estimated from the water samples was 0.80 × 10-6-2.72 × 10-6, and the non-carcinogenic risk was 2.95 × 10-3-1.04 × 10-2. DEHP was the leading contributor to the calculated carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic risks, accounting for 99.0%-99.4% and 92.8%-93.8% of contributions, respectively. Conclusion ] The source water and finished water in Hefei are polluted by PAEs and DEHA to various degrees of severity; however, the carcinogenic risk and the non-carcinogenic risk are at an acceptable level according to the US EPA＇s recommended limits.