药用菊花种植基地土壤肥力变化和菊花专用肥的研究

目的:研究江苏省射阳县菊花种植地30多年来农田土壤肥力变化,为菊花生产的平衡施肥提供依据。方法:通过白菊花种植地土壤肥力调查,土壤和植株的养分含量分析,依据产量目标和氮、鳞、钾肥的利用率制定平衡施肥方案,同时进行大田试验示范。结果与结论:结果表明,土壤pH值和土壤含盐量较高,土壤有机碳、氮、和磷随着种植年限的增长而减少,施用的氮、磷、钾养分不平衡,土壤微量元素锌不足,这是由于中药材种植地轮作单调,施肥不合理所致,配方施肥和菊花专用肥是恢复土壤肥力的有效途径。

Study on the Soil Fertility Changes in Planting Base to Develop the Special Fertilizer for Cultivation of Chrysanthemum morifolium

Objective: To study the changes of soil fertility in Sheyang county where Chrysanthemum morifolium has been cultivated for more than 30 years and to develop the special fertilizer for cultivation of C. morifolium. Method: The pH values, organic matter and the contents of total and available N, P, K and Zn in the soil layer of 0 to 40 cm, as well as the total N, P, K and Zn contents in the flowers, roots, stems and leaves of the plants, were analysed. The balanced fertilization plan for cultivation of C. morifolium was put forward. In addition, the formula of special fertilizer for cultivation of C. morifolium was determined according to flower yield and utilization rate of N, P, and K . Result and Conclusion: The soil had high pH values and high soil salt contents, with unbalanced application of N, P, and K fertilizers and a shortage of available Zn after cultivation of C. morifolium. The contents of soil organic carbon, N and P declined with increasing cultivation time of C. morifolium , which resulted from the improper rotations and fertilization. The balance fertilization practice and the special fertilizer utilization are effective ways to improve soil fertility for C. morifolium.