风湿性心脏病伴发冠心病的情况分析

目的 探讨风湿性心脏病患者冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CAD)的并发情况及其与冠状动脉粥样硬化风险因素的关系.方法 对651例年龄大于40岁的拟行瓣膜手术的风湿性瓣膜病患者行冠状动脉造影检查,左、右冠状动脉单支(含)以上管腔狭窄≥50%判定为CAD.根据Framingham研究中CAD主要危险因素,结合患者术前临床资料和选择性冠状动脉造影的结果进行综合分析.结果 发现并发有CAD患者(CAD组)71例,40岁以上风心病患者的冠心病发生率为10.91%,CAD组平均年龄(63±9)岁明显高于非CAD组(54±9)岁(t=7.96,P＜0.01),冠状动脉造影检查提示病变多累及左前降支(38.12%),双支以上病变38例(53.52%).CAD组中糖尿病(7.41%)、高血压(29.58%)患者多于非CAD组分别为32.39%(P＜0.01)和20.58%(P=0.0471)],而风心病患者血脂异常(14.66%vs 15.49%,P=0.851)和心电图ST-T改变(86.03%vs83.10%,P=0.505)与有否合并冠心病无明显相关性.各种瓣膜病变CAD发生率与本组平均发生率差异无统计学意义.结论 风湿性心脏病外科手术前,60岁以上者不论有无冠心病危险因素,均应常规行冠状动脉造影检查,以减少手术并发症,确保瓣膜置换术后复跳成功.

Prevalence of coronary artery disease in patients with rheumatic heart disease in China

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the atherosclerotic risk factors in the patients undergoing valvular surgery due to rheumatic heart disease. METHODS: Consecutive 651 patients with rheumatic heart disease aged > 40 who were scheduled for valve surgery underwent diagnostic coronary angiography to delineate coronary arteries. Significant coronary artery disease was considered to be present if one or more single coronary branches showed 50% or more luminal stenosis. Symptoms, such chest pain, were evaluated. Established risk factors for CAD, such as diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidemia were evaluated. Previous history of myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass surgery was also recorded. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients (10.91%), 54 males and 17 females, were detected as with CAD. The mean age of the patients with CAD was (63 +/- 9), significantly higher than that of the patients with normal coronary arteries (54 +/- 9), P < 0.01]. The atheromatous lesion mostly involved the left descending branch (38.12%), and 38 patients (53.52%) showed lesions in 2 or more branches. The prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the CAD group were 32.39% and 29.58% respectively, both significantly higher than those in the non-CAD group (7.41% and 19.48% respectively; P < 0.01 and P = 0.047). The smoking rate of the CAD group was 36.62%, significantly higher than that of the non-CAD group (12.93%; P < 0.01). However, there were not significant differences in the prevalence rates of dyslipidemia and ECG ST-T changes between these 2 groups (both P > 0.05). No relation was found between the rheumatic disease and coronary disease distribution (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Coronary angiography should be performed in all patients clinically suspected with CAD, aged > 50 and the patients with angina and/or coronary risk factors in order to decrease the occurrence of operative complications.