江苏省美沙酮门诊在治病人药物滥用情况分析

目的:调查美沙酮门诊在治病人海洛因偷吸和多药滥用情况,为美沙酮门诊药物滥用预防和干预工作提供基础数据支持。方法:随机抽取江苏省3个美沙酮社区药物维持治疗门诊点,每个门诊按美沙酮服药剂量分层抽取150例正在治疗的海洛因成瘾者,现场问卷调查病人一般情况和多药滥用情况,采集的病人尿液分别做5种滥用物质检测。结果:449例在治病人中8.5%(38例)的病人曾经退出过治疗,23.8%(107例)的病人自我报告最近1个月偷吸过海洛因。尿检显示美沙酮门诊治疗病人多药滥用比例达到36.3%(163例),尿检结果中吗啡阳性率最高,为23.4%(105例);安定类为15.4%(69例);苯丙胺类为9.4%(42例);吗啡、苯丙胺类和安定类尿检阳性病人中分别有80.0%(84例)、14.3%(6例)和52.2%(36例)主动报告使用相关物质。结论:美沙酮门诊病人中有多种药物滥用和偷吸海洛因现象;门诊发现新型毒品尤其是甲基苯丙胺使用者。建议门诊加强对维持病人偷吸毒品的危害教育。

SURVEY ON DRUG ABUSE AMONG PATIENTS ON METHADONE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

Objective:To investigate the states of drug abuse among heroin addictive patients on methadone maintenance treatment(MMT) and provide scientific data for drug prevention and intervention among MMT patients. Methods:Three MMT clinics were selected for the investigation. In each of the clinics,150 patients were randomly sampled based on their methadone dosage. Data on demography and substance use were collected using a questionnaire,and urine test for substance use was conducted. Results:Altogether 449 patients had the survey. Among them,8.5 % (38 cases )had once dropped out;23.8% (107 cases) reported heroin use the month before the survey;urine test indicated that the rate of drug abuse was 36.3%(163 cases) in cluding 23.4%(105 cases) were morphine positive;15.4%(69 cases) antipsychotics positive and 9.4%(42 cases) amphetamines positive. Among the patients whose urine test showed morphine or amphetamines or antipsychotics positive,80.0% (84 cases)for morphine,14.3%(6 cases)for amphetamines and 52.2%(36 cases) for antipsychotics actively reported they used the drugs in the last month. Conclusion:There exist drug abuse and polydrug abuse phenomenon among drug addictive patients on MMT. New drug abuse,especially methamphetamine abuse are seen in MMT patients. We suggest MMT clinics strengthen education on drug related harm to the patients.