社区精神分裂症照顾者的不良情绪及影响因素研究

目的了解社区精神分裂症照料者的不良情绪及影响因素。方法对12个地级市12个精神病社区服务站（点）的212名精神分裂症照料者进行Zung抑郁自评量表、对精神疾病的体验与看法问卷、精神卫生知识需求与态度问卷、社会支持量表、家庭负担量表及简易应对问卷调查。结果无抑郁112名（52.8%），轻度抑郁57名（26.9%），中度抑郁30名（14.2%），重度抑郁13名（6.1%）。超过半数的照顾者存在不安全感，担心闯祸、影响名声、害怕、担心遗传、关系紧张的体验及看法。有、无抑郁的分组比较：在失去希望、关系紧张、送外地治、搞迷信、想长住院方面有显著性差异；在精神卫生知识需求与态度各因子间均未发现显著性差异；两组在经济负担、对家庭日常活动的扰乱、对家庭娱乐活动的扰乱、对家庭关系的扰乱、对其他成员身体健康的影响、对其他成员心理健康的影响方面均存在显著性差异，有抑郁的照顾者表现出比无抑郁的照顾者更加明显的家庭负担；两组在客观支持、主观支持、支持总分上存在显著性差异，有抑郁的照顾者比无抑郁的照顾者得到的支持少，但两组对支持的利用无显著性差异。结论社区精神分裂症照顾者存在较多的不良情绪，给予疾病知识教育、心理及物质等相关援助非常重要。

Negative Emotion and Relative Factors in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia in Community

ObjectiveTo investigate the negative emoion and the relative factors in the caregivers of the schizophrenia patients in community. Methods212 caregivers from 12 communities psychotic service stations in 12 prefectures in Guangdong were investigated with the Zung Self-rate of Depression, the experience and attitude of the psychosis, the requirement and attitude on mental health knowledge, the social support scale, the family burden scale and the simply coping style questionaire. ResultsThere were 112 caregivers with no depression (52.8%), 57 with mild depression (26.9%), 30 with middle depression (14.2%), 13 with severe depression (6.1%). More than 50% caregivers worry about unsafty, getting into trouble, worse reputation, genetics, felt scare, strained relationship with the patients. There were significant differences in the hopelessness, the strained relaionship, treatment in other cities, superstition, hospitalization longer between the depression and no depression group, as well as in the economy burden, the interference in the family living, the amusement of family, the family relaionship, the body health and the mental health of the other family members, but no significant in the factors of the requirement and attitude on mental healh knowledge. The caregivers with depression reported less social support than the caregivers with no depression, but there was no difference between these groups in utilization of support. ConclusionThe caregivers of the schizophrenia patients experience negative emotion in community, who need mental and material assistance and the education of the knowledge about diseases.