北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用状况及健康风险评估

目的了解北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用及卫生状况,评估各场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险。方法2018年5—9月,采集东城区内三类共26家公共场所冷却塔冷却水,填写相关调查问卷,通过冷却塔军团菌病健康风险指数模型计算各场所健康风险。结果本次研究中各场所冷却水样本嗜肺军团菌检测均为阴性,合格率为100%。游离性余氯平均为0.15 mg/L。酒店类场所冷却塔规模、加药方式和频率与其他场所有明显差别。26家公共场所健康综合风险平均为61.49,其中军团菌增殖风险、含菌气溶胶传播风险、暴露人群易感风险分别为16.13、22.66和22.70。不同场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险评估结果存在一定差异,医院类场所健康风险指数高于酒店和商场(F=3.78,P<0.05)。结论冷却塔军团菌病健康风险高低主要受公共场所周围易感人群影响,该地区相关卫生部门应加强对相关易感人群的保护,对各类场所相关政策法规进行制定、完善和实施。

Usage Status and Health Risk Assessment of Cooling Towers in Public Places in Dongcheng District of Beijing,China

Objective To investigate the usage and hygienic condition of cooling towers in public places in Dongcheng District of Beijing,China,and to evaluate the health risk of legionellosis from cooling towers in public places.Methods From May to September in 2018,the cooling water of cooling towers was collected from 26 public places of three categories in Dongcheng District,and a questionnaire survey was conducted at the same time.The health risk of each public place was calculated based on the model of the health risk index of legionellosis.Results In this study,Legionella pneumophila was negative in all samples of cooling water,with a qualified rate of100%.The mean level of free residual chlorine was 0.15 mg/L.There were significant differences in scale,dosing mode and frequency among the cooling towers in hotels and those in the other places.The mean health risk value of26 public places was 61.49,among which the risk of Legionella proliferation,the risk of bacterial aerosol transmission,and the risk of susceptibility among exposed people were 16.13,22.66,and 22.70,respectively.There were different health risk of legionellosis in different cooling towers,and the health risk index of hospitals was significantly higher than that of hotels and stores(F=3.78,P<0.05).Conclusion The health risk of legionellosis from cooling tower is mainly determined by the susceptible people around the public places.The health administrative departments of those areas should strengthen the protection of the susceptible people and formulate,improve,and implement relevant policies and regulations for public places.