1990-2009年青海省鼠疫流行病学分析

目的 分析青海省鼠疫流行特征,探讨鼠疫流行态势,为制订预防控制对策提供依据.方法应用Excel软件分析1990-2009年青海省地方病预防控制所人间鼠疫病例数据库、鼠疫监测和鼠疫自然疫源地调查资料.结果青海柴达木盆地、青南高原及中南部高原动物间疫情连年发生,是动物鼠疫流行重点区域.人间鼠疫除1999、2000、2002、2007、2008年没有发生外,其他年份均有鼠疫病例发生.累计发生人间鼠疫27起,发病73例,死亡29例,死亡率39.73%.发病地区主要分布在玉树、海南、海西、海北4个州.流行季节高峰期在7-10月,临床病型以肺型居多[60.27%(44/73)].结论青海省近年动物鼠疫重点区域流行活跃,人间鼠疫局部地区爆发流行,应加强重点地区监测和预警,落实各项综合防控措施,以减少鼠疫的发生和流行.

Epidemiologic characteristics of natural foci of plague in Qinghai province from 1999 to 2009

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of natural foci of plague in Qinghai province in the past twenty years and to provide references for prevention and control of the disease. Methods Excel software was used to analyze the database of human plague cases and the surveillance and survey data of natural foci of plague in Qinghai province from 1999 to 2009. Results Animal plague occurred in Qaidam Basin, Qinghai Plateau and central and southern Plateau year after year, which became key areas of animal plague in Qinghai province. There were many human plague cases every year except 1999, 2000, 2002, 2007, 2008 from 1990 to 2009. Cumulative incidence of human plague was 27 cases, with incidence of 73 cases, 29 cases of death, and death rate 39.73%. Epidemic areas mainly distributed in the 4 states of Yushu, Hainan, Hercynian, Haibei.Prevalent season was from May to October. The most prevalent was pneumonic type among clinical types [60.27%(44/73)]. Conclusions Animal plague has occurred actively in key areas of Qinghai province in recent years,and an outbreak of human plague in some areas is found. Monitoring and early warning should be strengthened in the key areas, and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be implemented to reduce the incidence and prevalence of the plague.