食管癌根治术后预防性放射治疗的临床价值

目的：分析食管癌根治术后预防性放射治疗的临床价值。方法：495例食管癌根治性手术切除术,随机分为单一手术组（275例）和术后放疗组（220例）。术后3－4周开始放射治疗。双锁骨上区为5周50Gy,25次;全纵隔为5－6周50－60Gy,25-30次。结果：全组5年生存率为39．4％。单一手术组和术后放疗组的5年生存率差异无显著性（P＝0.4474)。单一手术组和术后放疗组的Ⅲ期患者,其5年生存率分别为13．1％和35．1％（P=0.0027)。术后放疗组的胸内淋巴结、锁骨上淋巴结转移率和吻合口复发率分别为16．2％、3．1％和0．5％,单一手术组分别为25．9％、13．2％和5．8％（P＜0．05）。吻合口狭窄的发生率单一手术组为1．8％,术后放疗组为4．1％（P＞0．05）。结论：术后预防性放疗可提高Ⅲ期食管癌根治术后的生存率,降低放疗部位淋巴结转移率和吻合口的复发率;术后预防性放疗可提高Ⅲ期食管癌根治术后的生存率,降低放疗部位淋巴结转移率和吻合口的复发率;术后放疗不增加吻合口狭窄等并发症。

Clinical value of prophylactic radiotherapy after curative resection of esophageal carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of prophylactic radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma after curative operation. METHODS: 495 esophageal squamous cell cancer patients who had undergone radical resection were randomized by the envelope method into a surgery alone group (S, 275) and a surgery plus radiotherapy group (S + R, 220). Radiation treatment was started 3 - 4 weeks after operation. The portals encompassed the whole mediastinum and bilateral supraclavicular areas. A mid-plane dose of 50 approximately 60 Gy in 20 approximately 30 fractions over 5 approximately 6 weeks was delivered. RESULTS: 1. Survival rate: the overall 5-year survival rate was 39.4%. Those of S alone and S + R groups were 37.1% and 41.3% (P = 0.447 4). The 5-year survival rate for Stage III patients were 13.1% in S alone group and 35.1% in R + S group (P = 0.002 7), 2. Pattern of failure: The incidence of local recurrence intra-thoracic lymph node metastasis, anastomotic recurrence and extra-thoracic lymph node metastasis in S + R group (16.2%, 0.5% and 3.1%) were lower than those (25.9%, 5.8% and 13.2%) (P < 0.05) in S alone group and 3. Complications: the anastomotic stricture frequencies were similar in the two groups (S 1.8%; S + R 4.1%). CONCLUSION: 1. Prophylactic radiotherapy is able to improve the survival rate of stage III patients treated by radical resection, 2. Postoperative radiotherapy is able to reduce the incidence of failure by recurrence in the intra-thoracic lymph nodes and anastomotic recurrence to where radiation therapy had been given, 3. Postoperative radiotherapy does not increase the incidence of anastomotic stricture.