母乳喂养对3岁儿童乳牙患龋病的影响

目的探讨喂养方式和母乳喂养时间对3岁儿童乳牙龋的影响,以寻求母乳喂养对乳牙龋患病的关键点,尽早给予父母合理的喂养指导。方法采用横断面研究的方法,对北京市海淀区588名幼儿园小班儿童进行口腔检查,并由其监护人完成调查问卷。结果母乳喂养时间小于6个月、6～12个月和大于12个月三组儿童乳牙患龋率分别为40.4%、48.2%和54.4%。随着母乳喂养时间增长,乳牙患龋率显著增高(P趋势=0.017);在混合喂养方式下,母乳喂养时间6～12个月和大于12个月的儿童乳牙患龋率均显著高于喂养时间小于6个月的儿童(49.7%,54.3%和36.1%;P=0.026和P=0.010)。Logistic回归分析,调整了传统的危险因素后,母乳喂养时间6～12个月和大于12个月的儿童,患龋风险分别是喂养时间小于6个月的1.770倍(OR=1.770,95%CI:1.046～2.995)和2.549倍(OR=2.549,95%CI:1.420～4.579),选择母乳喂养方式的儿童比人工喂养的儿童患龋风险减少近60%(OR=0.406,95%CI:0.167～0.990)。结论母乳喂养能够有效降低儿童患龋的风险,且纯母乳喂养时间在6个月内为佳,尽早给予家长专业喂养指导,同时做好儿童牙齿护理和培养良好的口腔行为习惯,综合控制乳牙患龋的危险因素。

The impact of breastfeeding on dental caries in children aged 3 years

Objective To explore the impact of feeding methods and breastfeeding time on dental caries in children aged 3 years,and to find the key point,as soon as possible to give parents the reasonable feeding guide.Methods An cross-sectional study was conducted on 588 children in a small nursery(aged 3 years) with teeth checking in the Haidian district.Results The prevence of dental caries 40.4%、48.2% and 54.4% in the group of breastfeeding time less than 6 months,between 6-12 months and more than 12 months respectively.As the breastfeeding time grew,the prevence of dental caries increased(Ptrend=0.017).Only the prevence of dental caries in the groups of breastfeeding time more than 12 months was greater than that in the group of breastfeeding time less than 6 months(P=0.018).With mixed feeding method,the prevence of dental caries in both the group of breastfeeding time between 6-12 months and more than 12 months were greater than that in the group of breastfeeding time less than 6 months(49.7%,54.3% and 36.1%;P=0.026 and P=0.010).In logistic regression analyses,after adjusting for triditional risk factors,the risk of dental caries in both the group of breastfeeding time between 6-12 months and more than 12 months were signifcantly greater than that in the group of breastfeeding time less than 6 months(OR=1.770,95%CI:1.046-2.995 and OR=2.549,95%CI:1.420-4.579).Also with the group of artificial feeding method,the risk of dental caries in group of breastfeeding method descreasded by 60%(OR=0.406,95%CI:0.167-0.990).Conclusions The risk of dental caries decreases effictively by the breastfeeding method,and the duration of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months is better.Overall,the finding shows that dental health education should be encouraged as soon as possible.