Carryover of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) from Soil to Plants |
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Authors: | T Stahl J Heyn H Thiele J Hüther K Failing S Georgii and H Brunn |
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Institution: | (1) Hessian State Laboratory, Glarusstr. 6, 65203 Wiesbaden, Germany;(2) Hessian State Institution of Agriculture, Am Versuchsfeld 11-13, 34128 Kassel, Germany;(3) Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Countryside and Consumer Protection, Mainzer Str. 80, 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany;(4) Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 95, 35392 Giessen, Germany;(5) Hessian State Laboratory, Schuberstr. 60, 35392 Giessen, Germany |
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Abstract: | Within the scope of a joint project to study soil-to-plant carryover of polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs), five cultivated
plants (spring wheat, oats, potatoes, maize, and perennial ryegrass) were sown or planted in Mitscherlich pots. Six variants
per species were used, each with a different concentration level of PFOA and PFOS (from 0.25 to 50 mg/kg as aqueous solution)
to detect possible concentration dependence in the transfer of these two PFCs from soil to plant. PFOA and PFOS were detected
by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after appropriate sample preparation (partial drying, mincing, homogenizing,
extraction). Since PFOA and PFOS presently represent the most widely studied PFCs, they are classified as “leading compounds.”
The results show that concentrations of PFOA/PFOS in the plants vary greatly, depending on the concentrations applied to the
soil. PFOA values were higher than PFOS values in all plants except potatoes, in which these differences could be quite substantial.
From the results presented here it can be seen that uptake and storage are much more intensive in the vegetative portion of
the plant than relocation in the storage organs. This is particularly evident from the the comparison of concentrations found
in the grain and ear and those in the straw or rest of the plant in spring wheat, oats, and maize. Transfer from “soil to
crops” provides a possible explanation for the presence of PFCs in foodstuffs and in human body fluids such as blood, plasma,
serum, or breast milk. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a statistically significant, concentration-dependent
carryover of PFOA and PFOS in crop plants can take place, which would provide a potential entrance point for these substances
into the food chain.
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