预防接种异常反应补偿机制态度调查分析

目的探索中国预防接种异常反应(异常反应)补偿机制和补偿标准,为各省(自治区、直辖市,下同)制订异常反应补偿办法提供参考。方法依据经济水平分层随机抽取6个省免疫规划相关工作人员521名,采用问卷方式进行调查。结果32.8%被调查者选择省级卫生行政部门负责第一类疫苗异常反应的补偿事务,63.3%选择由第一类疫苗异常反应补偿管理机构负责对第二类疫苗异常反应的补偿;如果省、设区的市(地区、州)、县(区、市)异常反应诊断结论同时存在,84.3%认为应以上级结论作为补偿依据;67.0%认为使用其它预防用生物制品引起的异常反应亦应给予补偿,选择诱发或者加重原有疾病、不明原因反应给予补偿的分别占71.2%和46.6%;疑似异常反应"计算损害所致实际损失给予一次性补偿"选择率均明显高于"按伤残等级拟定标准给予一次性补偿",85.0%认为应以因果关联程度确定补偿的比例;77.0%认为对于《疫苗流通和预防接种管理条例》(《条例》)实施以前发生的未曾补偿或者补偿不足的异常反应案例,不可按新制定的补偿办法进行补偿或者追加补偿。结论由省级卫生行政部门统一管理一、二类疫苗的补偿事务;异常反应诊断小组结论经逐级审核后作为补偿依据;受种者在得到异常反应诊断或鉴定结果后12个月以内提出申请;根据异常反应损害所致实际损失测算补偿费用,并依据因果关联程度确定补偿比例;《条例》出台以前发生的异常反应案例不纳入新的补偿办法的补偿范围。

Investigation on the Attitude to Compensation of Adverse Events Following Immunization

Objective To study regulation and criterion of Adverse events following immunization.Methods 521 people were selected from 6 provinces,every person were investigated by filling questionnaire.Results Among the informant,32.8% and 63.3% think provincial administration should take charge of compensation of vaccines of the first category and the second category;84.3% believe superior's conclusion should supersedes junior's as testimony of compensation;67.0% agree that adverse effect following immunoglobulin should receive compensation,71.2% and 46.6% agree that "acute recurrence or deterioration of the ongoing disease" and "uncertain reaction" should get compensation;85.0% consider that proportion of compensation should base on causality;77.0% did not agree people who sicken from adverse effect following immunization before got compensation according to "Regulations on administration of Vaccine Circulation and Preventive Vaccination".Conclusion Provincial administration should take responsibility for compensation of vaccines;Junior's conclusions should be checked by superior before as testimony of compensation,application for compensation should be presented in 12 months after identification;The amount of compensation should be calculated by actual expense of adverse effect following immunization,proportion of compensation should base on causality;People who sicken from adverse effect following immunization before might not get compensation according to the new method.