氧化应激对男性（雄性）生殖系统的影响

氧化应激可产生活性氧簇（ROS）。正常状况下，低水平ROS具有调节细胞生理功能的作用，而异常高水平的ROS对组织和细胞产生相应的危害，如信号通路异常、能量代谢失调、基因突变和蛋白质结构改变等，进而影响细胞、组织、器官乃至系统的功能。男性（雄性）生殖系统中，高水平的ROS对生殖器官和生殖细胞同样产生严重的危害，如对睾丸的危害可影响其形态学结构及类固醇激素的合成；对生殖细胞可直接损伤精子的DNA、膜脂质和蛋白的结构，使精子的畸形率大幅度上升，最终导致男性（雄性）不育。综述男性（雄性）生殖系统ROS的产生及其对生殖的影响，对了解临床男性不育症的发病机制及治疗具有重要的意义。

The Effects of Oxidative Stress on Male Reproductive System

Oxidative stress can induce much more reactive oxygen species (ROS), which upset the balance between oxidation and antioxidant. The low level of ROS plays a role in regulating the physiological function of cells, whereas the abnormally high level of ROS can cause the damage of tissues and cells, such as abnormal signal pathways, energy production disorders, gene mutations and protein structure changes, and further affect the functions of cells, tissues, organs and even system. In male reproductive system, the high level of ROS causes serious damage in the reproductive organs and the germ cells as well. For instance, the high level of ROS induced the testicular damage in morphological structure and steroid syntheses. Oxidative stress may directly damage the structures of DNA, membrane lipids and proteins in germ cells, which greatly increases the deformity rate of sperm and eventually leads to male infertility. It is important to understand the ROS production in male reproductive system and its effects on male fertility, so as to discuss further the pathogenesis of male infertility and the related antioxidant treatment.