甘肃省核设施周围居民核辐射风险认知调查

目的了解甘肃省核设施周围地区医疗机构工作人员、县、乡(镇)高中学生和老师对核辐射风险的认知状况,探讨影响核辐射认知的因素。方法 2018年7月采用随机抽样和问卷调查,内容涉及个人基本信息、对核辐射相关知识的了解和态度及其相关影响因素,采用单因素方差分析不同因素对调查人群核辐射和核试验认知水平的影响。结果共收集有效问卷705份,其中学生305人、老师94人、医疗机构工作人员306人;10道核辐射相关知识问题,医疗机构工作人员认知水平高于老师和学生(t=37.879,P<0.05),受教育程度越高,认知水平亦越高(t=41.618,P<0.05);男性认知水平高于女性(t=4.392,P<0.05)、城镇人群高于农村人群(t=7.309,P<0.05);学生(70.26%)和医疗机构工作人员(71.15%)对中央政府处置突发核事故能力的信心远高于本地政府;学生(69.28%)、老师(65.96%)和医疗机构工作人员(61.31%)平时很少能了解到核辐射相关知识;获取核辐射知识的途径,老师和医疗机构工作人员首选专家讲座,学生首选互联网;对核辐射知识的信任度,学生和医疗机构工作人员最信任专家意见、老师最信任核企业工作者的意见。结论公众对核辐射知识的认知程度较低,迫切希望了解核辐射相关知识;应加大核辐射、核试验知识的广泛宣传,在学校和医疗机构有针对性地开展核辐射知识讲座。

Survey of awareness of nuclear radiation risk in residents around nuclear facilities in Gansu province

Objective To understand the awareness status of the risk of nuclear radiation in medical personnel, high school students and teachers in counties(towns) around nuclear facilities in Gansu province, and to explore the factors influencing the awareness status of nuclear radiation. Methods In July 2018, random sampling and questionnaires were taken to investigate basic personal information, knowledge about nuclear radiation, attitude and related influencing factors. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the effects of different factors on the cognitive level of nuclear radiation and nuclear test in the survey population. Results A total of 705 valid questionnaires were collected, including 305 students, 94 teachers and 306 medical workers. Among the 10 questions, the cognitive level was higher in the medical personnel than in the teachers and students(t=37.879, P<0.05). The higher the educational level was, the higher was the cognitive level of radiation(t=41.618, P<0.05), and the cognitive level of radiation was higher in the males than in the females(t=4.392, P<0.05). The level of radiation awareness was higher in the urban respondents than in the rural respondents(t=7.309, P<0.05).In terms of government trust, the confidence of students(70.26%) and medical workers(71.15%) in the ability of dealing with sudden nuclear accidents by the central government was much higher than that by the local government, and 69.28% of the students, 65.96% of the teachers and 61.31% of the staff in the medical institutions seldom knew about nuclear radiation.By the way of getting nuclear radiation knowledge, the teachers and medical workers preferred to the lectures of experts, and the students got on line. In terms of the trust on nuclear radiation knowledge, the students and medical workers trusted the expert’s opinions most, while the teachers trusted the opinions of workers in nuclear enterprises most. Conclusions Awareness of nuclear radiation and radiation knowledge in the public is low. It is necessary to strengthen propaganda knowledge about nuclear radiation and nuclear test in the public, and carry out targeted lectures on nuclear radiation knowledge in schools and medical institutions.