新生儿重症监护病房医院感染流行病学分析及预防策略

目的 探讨新生儿在重症监护病房（NICU）医院感染流行病学的情况,进行分析并根据科学依据实行预防措施.方法 在2010年12月至2013年12月入住我院新生儿重症监护病房的新生儿中选择60例,观察新生儿在入住期间的感染流行病学的情况,其中包括NICU医院不同感染部位的情况（鹅口疮、呼吸系统和消化系统）以及不同体质量新生儿的感染情况,再对研究结果进行分析对比,总结出有效的预防措施.结果 新生儿主要以革兰阴性菌感染为主,在28例患儿中有16例（57.1％）为革兰阴性菌感染;感染鹅口疮5例（17.9％）,呼吸系统感染15例（53.6％）,消化系统感染8例（28.5％）;15例新生儿出生体质量小于1500 g,占出生体质量小于1500 g新生儿总人数的48.39％,13例新生儿出生体质量大于等于1500 g,占出生体质量大于等于1500 g新生儿总人数的44.83％.结论 根据新生儿之间不同的个体差异预防感染、并对NICU医院采取全面预防措施,对预防NICU医院感染流行病学具有重要意义.

Hospital infection epidemiological analysis and preventive strategies in NICU

Objective To investigate hospital infection epidemiology in neonatal intensive care unit （NICU）,and implement preventive measures based on scientific evidence.Methods Selected 60 newborns in NICU of our hospital from December 2010 to December 2013,observed infection epidemiological situation during hospital stay,including different sites of infection （thrush,respiratory system and digestive system） and infection of newborns of different body mass.And then results were analyzed and compared,summed up effective preventive measures.Results Gram-negative bacteria infection was the most common hospital infection in newborns,with 16 cases （57.1％） of Gram-negative bacteria infection in 28 cases of hospital infection; 5 cases （17.9％） of thrush,15 cases （53.6％） of respiratory infection,8 cases （28.5％） of gastrointestinal infection.Birth weight of 15 newborns was less than 1500 g,accounting for 48.39％ in all newborns whose birth weight were less than 1500 g,birth weight of 13 newborns was greater than or equal to 1500 g,accounting for 44.83％ in all newborns whose birth weight were greater than or equal to 1500 g.Conclusion It is of great significance for preventing hospital infection of NICU to prevent infection according to newborns＇ individual difference,and adopt comprehensive precautions in NICU hospital.