日本新型冠状病毒肺炎传播初期阶段的流行现状及应对

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)于2019年12月开始出现病例报道以来,逐渐在全球范围内传播。日本国内的COVID-19病例从2020年1月中旬开始出现,并随时间推移持续增加,至2020年2月底前被认为是日本国内传播的初期阶段。本文描述截至2020年2月底与日本有关的935例COVID-19病例的传播状况,包括从武汉包机接回的15例日本侨民感染者、大型邮轮“钻石公主”号中的696例感染者以及日本国内的224例感染者状况。同时总结了日本控制疫情扩散的措施,如限制针对新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)进行RT-PCR检测、降低不必要的前往医疗机构就诊的轻症患者人数、制订SARS-CoV-2感染咨询的准则、取消大型聚会、暂时关闭学校等。进一步提出了日本在预防与控制SARS-CoV-2传播中遇到的问题,如RT-PCR的检测迟缓、医务人员面临被感染风险、日本国内医疗保健服务体系存在地区差异、信息公开与管理存在混乱等。通过以上介绍,加深对COVID-19在日本及全球流行特点的理解,为全球控制COVID-19疫情提供借鉴。

Prevalence of novel coronavirus pneumonia in the early stage of transmission and responding strategies in Japan

Novel coronavirus pneumonia disease(COVID-19)caused by SARS-CoV-2 was identified in December 2019,and is gradually spreading globally including Japan.The COVID-19 case in Japan began to appear in middle January 2020 and continued to increase over time.The period from middle January to the end of February is considered to be the initial stage of domestic transmission in Japan.The paper descibes the spread of 935 cases of COVID-19 related to Japan by the end of February 2020,including the 15 infected Japanese returned from Wuhan,the 696 infected individuals in the large-scale cruise ship“Diamond Princess”and the 224 infected individuals in Japan.This paper summarizes the measures to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan,such as limiting RT-PCR detection for SARS-CoV-2,reducing the number of patients with mild illness who go to medical institutions unnecessarily,formulating guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 infection consultation,canceling large gatherings and temporarily closing schools.This paper further points out the problems encountered in the prevention and control of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Japan,such as the slow detection of RT-PCR,the risk of infection faced by medical staff,the regional differences in the domestic health care service system,the confusion of information disclosure and management.The paper allows us to acquire a better understanding of the new coronavirus pneumonia in Japan and the world and may provide reference for the control the epidemic of COVID-19 in worldwide.