儿童过敏性鼻炎的吸入性过敏原

目的调查北京地区过敏性鼻炎儿童的主要吸入性过敏原。方法 采用21种标准化过敏原对北京地区458例3～18岁的过敏性鼻炎儿童进行皮肤点刺试验,描述过敏原的整体分布特征,并依据性别和年龄进行分层分析。比较不同年龄组在过敏原阳性率分布上的差异。结果 过敏原皮肤点刺实验阳性率前10位的过敏原分别为屋尘螨(83.6%)、粉尘螨(83.2%)、动物毛(15.7%)、大豚草(13.3%)、树1(13.3%)、藜(13.1%)、树2(12.0%)、交链孢霉属(9.6%)、刺槐(9.2%)和禾本科(9.2%)。尘螨在男性和女性儿童中均为最常见过敏原。在377例尘螨过敏患儿中,强阳性者占87.0%。分别以阳性率最高点14岁以及强阳性率最高点11岁为界进行分组,尘螨过敏的强阳性率在组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 尘螨是北京地区儿童过敏性鼻炎最重要的过敏原。

Sensitization to Aeroallergens in Children with Allergic Rhinitis

Objective To investigate which aeroallergens were prevalent in children with allergic rhinitis in Beijing region.
Methods A total of 458 cases(aged from 3 to 18 years) who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, underwent a skin prick test with 21 standardized aeroallergens, and the important sensitizing allergens were assessed. The stratified analysis for gender and age were also performed. Differences in SPT responses among the groups according to age were explored.
Results The percent of patients with positive skin tests were as follows: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(83.6%), Dermatophagoides farinae(83.2%), animal hair(15.7%), giant ragweed(13.3%), TreeⅠ(13.3%), Chenopodium album(13.1%), Tree Ⅱ(12.0%), Alternaria alternate(9.6%), Locust(9.2%) and Gramineae(9.2%). The dust mite was the most popular allergen regardless of gender. The individuals who showed strong positive response to dust mite accounted for 87.0% among the 377 dust mite allergic subjects. There was no significantly higher sensitivity to dust mite among groups when cut off points were set at 14 and 11 years of age(P>0.05).
Conclusion The dust mite was the most important aeroallergens in children with allergic rhinitis in Beijing region.