新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的CT诊断

目的 分析新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的CT表现，提高对其CT诊断的正确性。方法对有围产期窒息史的且有临床症状经CT检查诊断为新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的50例患儿进行分析。结果缺氧缺血性脑病的主要改变为脑水肿及颅内出血。CT表现为脑实质内局限性或弥漫性低密度区及不同部位、不同形态的高密度影。(1)脑实质内局部散在低密度区，累及1～2个脑叶者17例。其中仅累及额叶者6例，额颞叶同时受累者5例，颞枕叶同时受累者6例；(2)低密度累及3个脑叶以上者18例。额颞顶叶受累者8例，其中2例合并蛛网膜下腔出血。额顶枕叶受累者6例，其中1例合并脑实质出血。其余脑叶受累者4例；(3)弥漫性低密度灶累及大脑各叶15例。其中4例合并蛛网膜下腔出血，2例合并脑室出血。结论CT扫描是诊断新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的有效检查方法，具有重要的诊断价值。

CT diagnosis of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Objective To explore CT characteristics of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and to improve the accuracy of CT diagnosis. Methods 50 cases of neonatal asphyxia in perinatal period diagnosed as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy by CT was analyzed. Results The main manifestation of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is cerebral edema and intracranial hemorrhage. Focal or diffuse hypo dense lesion and hyper dense area in various location and morphology were seen on CT images. (1) Localized diffuse hypo dense area in 1 or 2 cerebral lobe were found in 17 cases, and the lesions were localized in frontal lobe (n=6), in frontotemporal lobe (n=5), and in temporo occipital lobe (n=6). (2) Hypo density region involving more than three cerebral lobes were found in 18 cases, and abnormalities were found in frontotemporal and parietal lobe (n=8), accompanying with subarachnoid hemorrhage (n=2); in frontal, temporal and occipital lobe (n=6), in which cerebral hemorrhage was complicated (n=1); and in other cerebral lobe (n=4). (3) Diffuse low density region in all cerebral lobe were found in 15 cases, in which subarachnoid hemorrhage was complicated in 4 cases, and ventricular hemorrhage was found in 2 case. Conclusion CT imaging plays an important role in diagnosis of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and has shown its clinical value.